儿童手烧伤后瘢痕挛缩家庭康复治疗模式的探索

Exploration of family rehabilitation model for children with scar contracture after hand burns

目的探索儿童手烧伤后瘢痕挛缩的家庭康复治疗模式并观察其疗效。方法采用回顾性非随机对照研究方法。2020年3月—2021年3月,空军军医大学第一附属医院全军烧伤中心收治30例符合入选标准的手深Ⅱ或Ⅲ度烧伤后瘢痕挛缩患儿。根据采取的康复治疗模式,将18例患儿(23只患手)纳入家庭康复治疗为主组(以下简称家庭康复组)、12例患儿(15只患手)纳入医院康复治疗为主组(以下简称医院康复组),前组患儿中男11例、女7例,年龄(4.8±2.1)岁,创面愈合后(3.1±0.8)d开始康复治疗;后组患儿中男7例、女5例,年龄(4.6±2.1)岁,创面愈合后(2.8±0.7)d开始康复治疗。医院康复组患儿以在院主被动康复训练为主,辅以回家后自主康复训练;家庭康复组患儿接受在院主被动康复训练1~2周后,在家通过微信平台接受康复治疗师指导进行主被动康复训练。2组患儿均治疗6个月,治疗期间均佩戴压力手套并联合使用手屈曲训练带和分指支具。治疗前及治疗6个月后,分别采用改良温哥华瘢痕量表、手总主动活动度法和Carroll上肢功能评定法对患手瘢痕(计算治疗前后瘢痕评分差值)、关节活动度(计算优良比)和患肢功能进行评分/评级。对数据行独立样本t检验、等效性检验、Fisher确切概率法检验及Mann-Whitney U检验。结果家庭康复组、医院康复组患儿治疗6个月后患手瘢痕评分与治疗前的差值分别为3.0(2.0,7.0)、3.0(2.0,8.0)分(95%置信区间分别为2.37~5.38、1.95~5.91分),2组差值间差值的95%置信区间为-2.43~2.21分,在等效性界值-3~3分之内(P<0.05)。家庭康复组、医院康复组患儿患手关节活动度优良比治疗前分别为3/23和2/15,治疗6个月后分别为15/23和12/15。家庭康复组、医院康复组患儿治疗6个月后患手关节活动度评级均较治疗前明显升高(Z值分别为3.58、2.30,P<0.05),但2组之间治疗前、治疗6个月后患手关节活动度评级均相近(Z值分别为0.39、0.55,P>0.05)。家庭康复组、医院康复组患儿治疗6个月后患肢功能评级均较治疗前显著提高(Z值分别为3.98、3.51,P<0.05),但2组之间治疗前、治疗6个月后患肢功能评级均相近(Z值分别为1.27、0.38,P>0.05)。结论基于微信平台辅助的以家庭康复为主联合应用手屈伸组合支具的康复治疗,可有效减轻儿童手烧伤后瘢痕,改善患手关节活动度,促进患肢功能恢复,与以医院康复为主的康复治疗效果相近,为无法持续接受在院治疗的患儿提供了可选的康复治疗方法。

Objective To explore the family rehabilitation model for children with scar contracture after hand burns and observe its efficacy.Methods A retrospective non-randomized controlled study was conducted.From March 2020 to March 2021,30 children with scar contracture after deep partial-thickness to full-thickness burns of hands,who met the inclusion criteria,were hospitalized in the Burn Center of PLA of the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University.According to the rehabilitation model adopted,18 children(23 affected hands)were included in a group mainly treated by family rehabilitation(hereinafter referred to as family rehabilitation group),and 12 children(15 affected hands)were included in another group mainly treated by hospital rehabilitation(hereinafter referred to as hospital rehabilitation group).In the former group,there were 11 males and 7 females,aged(4.8±2.1)years,who began rehabilitation treatment(3.1±0.8)d after wound healing;in the latter group,there were 7 males and 5 females,aged(4.6±2.1)years,who began rehabilitation treatment(2.8±0.7)d after wound healing.The children in hospital rehabilitation group mainly received active and passive rehabilitation training in the hospital,supplemented by independent rehabilitation training after returning home;after 1-2 weeks of active and passive rehabilitation training in the hospital,the children in family rehabilitation group received active and passive rehabilitation training at home under the guidance of rehabilitation therapists through WeChat platform.Both groups of children were treated for 6 months.During the treatment,they wore pressure gloves and used hand flexion training belts and finger splitting braces.Before treatment and after 6 months of treatment,the modified Vancouver scar scale,the total active movement of the hand method,and Carroll quantitative test of upper extremity function were used to score/rate the scar of the affected hand(with the difference of scar score between before treatment and after treatment being calculated),the joint range of motion(with excellent and good ratio being calculated),and the function of the affected limb,respectively.Data were statistically analyzed with independent sample t test,equivalence test,Fisher's exact probability test,and Mann-Whitney U test.Results The differences of scar scores of the affected hands of children in family rehabilitation group and hospital rehabilitation group between after 6 months of treatment and those before treatment were 3.0(2.0,7.0)and 3.0(2.0,8.0)respectively(with 95%confidence interval of 2.37-5.38 and 1.95-5.91).The 95%confidence interval of the difference between the differences of the two groups was-2.43-2.21,which was within the equivalent boundary value of-3-3(P<0.05).The excellent and good ratios of joint range of motion of the affected hand of children in family rehabilitation group and hospital rehabilitation group were 3/23 and 2/15 respectively before treatment,and 15/23 and 12/15 respectively after 6 months of treatment.The ratings of joint range of motion of the affected hand of children in family rehabilitation group and hospital rehabilitation group after 6 months of treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment(with Z values of 3.58 and 2.30,respectively,P<0.05),but the ratings of joint range of motion of the affected hand between the two groups were similar before treatment and after 6 months of treatment(with Z values of 0.39 and 0.55,respectively,P>0.05).The functional ratings of the affected limbs of children in family rehabilitation group and hospital rehabilitation group after 6 months of treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment(with Z values of 3.98 and 3.51,respectively,P<0.05),but the functional ratings of the affected limbs between the two groups were similar before treatment and after 6 months of treatment(with Z values of 1.27 and 0.38,respectively,P>0.05).Conclusions The WeChat platform assisted rehabilitation treatment with mainly family rehabilitation,combined with hand flexion and extension brace can effectively reduce the scarring after children's hand burns,improve the joint range of motion of the affected hands,and promote the recovery of affected limb function.The effect is similar to that of hospital-based rehabilitation providing an optional rehabilitation,treatment method for children who cannot continue to receive treatment in hospital.