脂肪干细胞基质胶促进创面愈合的研究进展

Research advances of adipose stem cell matrix gel in promoting wound healing

近年来,随着我国人口老龄化问题的凸显,糖尿病足、压疮、血管性溃疡等慢性创面患者增多,严重影响患者的生活质量,加重患者家庭经济、护理负担,成为临床上亟须解决的难题之一。有较多研究证实,脂肪干细胞能有效促进创面愈合,但需应用外源性蛋白酶,且存在伦理等诸多问题,限制了其在临床中的推广应用。脂肪干细胞基质胶是脂肪组织经过流体漩涡及絮凝沉淀获取的富含生物活性的细胞外基质及基质血管成分的凝胶状混合物,其含有丰富的脂肪干细胞、造血干细胞、内皮祖细胞、巨噬细胞等。脂肪干细胞基质胶制备方法简单、制备时间短,便于临床推广应用。国内外众多研究表明,脂肪干细胞基质胶能够通过调节炎症反应、促进微血管重建及胶原合成有效促进创面愈合。因此,该文总结了脂肪干细胞基质胶的制备及促进创面愈合的机制和存在的问题,以期为临床慢性创面的治疗提供新的方法与思路。

In recent years,with the problem of aging population in China being prominant,the number of patients with chronic wounds such as diabetic foot,pressure ulcer,and vascular ulcer is increasing.Those diseases seriously affect the life quality of patients and increase the economy and care burden of the patients'family,which have been one of the most urgent clinical problems.Many researches have confirmed that adipose stem cells can effectively promote wound healing,while exogenous protease is needed,and there are ethical and many other problems,which limit the clinical application of adipose stem cells.Adipose stem cell matrix gel is a gel-like mixture of biologically active extracellular matrix and stromal vascular fragment obtained from adipose tissue by the principle of fluid whirlpool and flocculation precipitation.It contains rich adipose stem cells,hematopoietic stem cells,endothelial progenitor cells,and macrophages,etc.The preparation method of adipose stem cell matrix gel is simple and the preparation time is short,which is convenient for clinical application.Many studies at home and abroad showed that adipose stem cell matrix gel can effectively promote wound healing by regulating inflammatory reaction,promoting microvascular reconstruction and collagen synthesis.Therefore,this paper summarized the preparation of adipose stem cell matrix gel,the mechanism and problems of the matrix gel in promoting wound repair,in order to provide new methods and ideas for the treatment of chronic refractory wounds in clinic.