憧憬的意义:论清末小说中的科技乌托邦叙事

The Meaning of Longing:On the Narrative of Scientific and Technological Utopia in Late Qing Fiction

清末小说家们基于救国的热诚与迫切,不同程度地将科技引入创作实践,从而形成了小说中“惟物质之为功”的科技乌托邦叙事。以解救现实危机为目的,这一叙事的主题分别体现在强国梦与文明梦两个层面之上。清末小说中的科技乌托邦叙事以确信的姿态,通过国家愿景的可企及与可实现,展现了小说家们现代理性精神的萌发。然而,科技乌托邦叙事的“唯科学主义”忽略科技之外的思想资源,使小说家们的理想认知难免有偏颇之处。

Based on their zeal and urgency to save the country,novelists of the late Qing Dynasty introduced science and technology into their creative practice to varying degrees,thus forming a technological utopian narrative in their novels that“only matter is a merit”.With the aim of rescuing the real crisis,the themes of this narrative are reflected in the dream of a strong nation and the dream of civilisation respectively.The technological utopian narrative in the late Qing fiction shows the emergence of the novelists’ modern rational spirit through the accessibility and realisability of the national vision with certainty.However,the“scientism”of the technological utopian narrative ignores ideological resources beyond science and technology,making the novelists’ perception of the ideal inevitably biased.