中国式现代化视角下的碳达峰与碳中和

Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality from the Perspective of Chinese Modernization

本文从八个方面对党的二十大报告中关于“推动绿色发展,促进人与自然和谐共生”这一部分内容进行经济学阐释:一是如何通过确权、赋值、分类和激励来践行尊重自然、顺应自然和保护自然;二是从气候风险的紧迫性、严重性所带来的新安全观、新挑战、新形势、新任务阐释为什么要积极推进碳达峰、碳中和;三是从棘轮效应、吉登斯悖论、囚徒困境、锁定效应、资产搁浅、代际公平和流浪地球等多个方面阐释应对气候变化的艰巨性和复杂性;四是基于统筹协调高质量发展、碳中和与能源安全三角,阐释稳妥、统筹、协同的重要性;五是借助于IPAS方程强调绿色低碳技术创新的重要性;六是阐释碳中和的本质是基于能源转型的产业转型的经济学逻辑;七是以碳市场为例阐释市场机制发挥重要作用的经济学机理;八是阐释金融赋能双碳目标和高质量发展。本文对经济学、财政金融、国际经贸和政策研究具有指导意义并拓展了新的研究领域。

This paper tries to explain the significances of “pursuing green development and promoting harmony between humanity and nature” in the report of the 20 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China based on the economics from eight aspects:first,how to respect,adapt to and protect nature through the confirmation of rights,valuing,classification and incentive.Second,why we should actively work toward the goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality from the new security concept,new challenges,new situations and new tasks brought about by the urgency and severity of climate change risks.Third,the difficulty and complexity of coping with climate change from multiple aspects such as ratchet effect,Giddens paradox,prisoner’s dilemma,lock-in effect,asset stranding,intergenerational equity and wandering earth.Fourth,based on coordinating the triangle of high-quality development,carbon neutrality and energy security,explaining the importance of promoting carbon neutrality prudently,coordinately and synergistically.Fifth,the importance of green and low-carbon technology innovation is emphasized by means of IPAS equation.Sixth,the essence of carbon neutrality is the industrial transformation based on energy transformation.Seventh,taking carbon market as an example to explain the economic principle of market mechanism which plays an important role.Eighth,finance helps and enables the goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality as well as high-quality development.Finally,this paper tries to explain the guiding significance and new research fields for economics,finance and international trade as well as policy research.