人力资本结构与环境污染:新结构经济学视角的理论初探

Human Capital Structure and Environmental Pollution:A Theoretical Exploration from the Perspective of New Structural Economics

本文从新结构经济学“一个中心三个基本点”视角出发,对人力资本结构与环境污染的关系进行理论重构。理论分析认为:(1)人力资本结构对环境污染的影响在不同发展阶段存在不同,这种不同是由各发展阶段的内生结构差异导致的。换言之,随着经济发展,人力资本结构变迁的环境污染效应遵循环境库兹涅茨曲线机制。(2)在要素禀赋结构内生决定的最优生产结构状态下,人力资本结构的偏离会加剧污染排放强度,但对环境污染排放量的影响取决于“预算效应”和“替代效应”的方向和大小,而最终的总效应取决于不同发展阶段的最优生产结构。(3)在重工业赶超战略导致的扭曲生产结构状态下,人力资本结构的环境污染效应均大于最优生产结构状态下人力资本结构的环境污染效应。本文的分析不仅有利于拓展和丰富人力资本与环境污染关系的理论框架,而且对现阶段构建减污降碳的人才体系也具有一定的现实启示意义。

From the perspective of “one center and three basic points” of new structural economics,this paper reconstructs the relationship between human capital structure and environmental pollution.Theoretical analysis holds that:(1) the impact of human capital structure on environmental pollution is different in different development stages,which is caused by the endogenous structure difference in each development stage.In other words,with the development of economy,the environmental pollution effect of human capital structure changes follows the mechanism of environmental Kuznets curve.(2) in the stage of endogenous factor endowment structure determine the optimal production structure,the deviation of the capital structure of the human will intensify pollution emissions intensity,but the impact on the environment pollution emissions depends on the “budget effect” and “substitution effect” direction and size,while the final total effect depends on the optimal production structure in different stage of development.(3) Under the distorted production structure caused by the catch-up strategy of heavy industry,the environmental pollution effect of human capital structure is greater than that of human capital structure under the optimal production structure.The analysis of the paper is not only beneficial to expand and enrich the theoretical framework of the relationship between human capital and environmental pollution,but also has certain practical enlightenment significance for the construction of the talent system of pollution reduction and carbon reduction.