规范化培训护士的死亡态度与死亡应对能力现状及其相关分析

Current situation of death attitude and death coping ability of standardized training nurses and analysis on their correlation

目的 调查规培护士死亡态度与死亡应对能力现状,分析两者间的关系,为提高规培护士死亡应对能力提供依据。方法 2021年7—9月,选取南充市2所三级甲等医院(川北医学院附属医院和南充市中心医院)的241名规培护士作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、中文版死亡态度描绘量表(修订版)和死亡应对能力量表对其进行调查,并对数据进行分析。结果 规培护士死亡态度总分为(103.75±18.33)分,死亡应对能力总分为(126.69±27.66)分。逐步多元线性回归分析显示,已规培时间、轮转肿瘤科、重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)或急诊科的经历、接受死亡教育相关培训的情况、从事安宁疗护工作意愿是规培护士死亡应对能力的主要影响因素(均P<0.05),可解释总变异的29.1%。规培护士的正向死亡态度与死亡应对能力均呈正相关(r=0.124~0.426,均P<0.05),负向死亡态度与死亡应对能力总分、自我死亡接受能力、死亡后事宜处理能力、死亡应对能力均呈负相关(r=-0.255~-0.136,均P<0.05),与自我死亡感知和表达能力、生命省察能力、与他人沟通临终或死亡应对能力均无相关性(均P>0.05)。结论 规培护士持以自然接受为主的正向死亡态度,死亡应对能力处于中等水平。护理管理者应引导规培护士思考在面对濒死或死亡的态度,并通过死亡教育培训的深化帮助其塑造正向积极的死亡态度,掌握成熟面对死亡的能力。

Objective To investigate the status quo of death attitude and death coping ability of standardized training nurses,analyze the relationship between the two,so as to provide basis for improving the death coping ability of nurses in training.Methods From July to September 2021,241 standardized training nurses in two grade-A tertiary hospitals(Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College and Nanchong Central Hospital) in Nanchong City were selected as the subjects. They were investigated by the general data questionnaire,Chinese version of death attitude description scale(revised version) and death coping capacity scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of death attitude among standardized training nurses was(103.75±18.33)points,and the total score of death coping ability was(126.69±27.66)points. The stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that the time spent in training,experience in oncology department,experience in intensive care unit(ICU) or emergency department,receiving the death education training,and willingness to work in hospice care were the main factors affecting the death coping ability of nurses. The positive attitude towards death of standardized training nurses was positively correlated with death coping ability(r=0.124-0.426,all P<0.05). The negative attitude towards death was negatively correlated with the total score of death coping ability,self-death acceptance ability,ability to deal with matters after death and death coping ability(r=-0.255--0.136,all P<0.05),but not correlated with the self-perception and expression of death,ability to examine life,and ability to communicate with others about dying or coping with death(all P>0.05). Conclusions The training nurses have a positive death attitude of natural acceptance and the ability to cope with death is in the medium level. The nursing managers should guide the training nurses to think about their attitude towards near-death or death,and help them to shape a positive attitude towards death and master the ability to face death maturely by deepening the education and training on death.