2019年陕西省住宿场所卫生状况分析

Analysis on sanitary conditions of accommodation places in Shaanxi Province in 2019

目的 了解陕西省住宿场所空气质量及公共用品用具卫生状况,为加强住宿场所的卫生管理提供依据。方法 2019年按照《陕西省公共场所健康危害因素监测方案》,对陕西省旅店业客房物理因素、室内外空气及公共用品用具等进行采样和检测。根据GB 37488—2019《公共场所卫生指标及限值要求》对检测结果进行评价。结果 2019年陕西省累计监测76家宾馆(酒店),物理因素中噪声的合格率最低,仅为70.03%,其中三星级以下噪声合格率最低,为49.51%,明显低于三星级以上和快捷酒店噪声合格率,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=29.453,P<0.01)。室内空气样品的苯、甲苯、二甲苯和一氧化碳指标全部合格。甲醛、二氧化碳和菌落总数均存在超标情况,超标率分别为0.27%、2.16%和5.36%,室内外细颗粒物(fine particulate matter,PM2.5)合格率最低,分别为91.91%和87.83%。三星级以下宾馆室内PM2.5合格率明显高于三星级以上和快捷酒店,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.815,P<0.05)。微生物指标中毛巾pH和冷却塔冷却水嗜肺军团菌的合格率较低,分别为89.49%和89.19%,漱口杯、茶具和毛巾均存在菌落总数超标情况,超标率分别为2.70%、0.84%和0.21%,有1份床单样品检出金黄色葡萄球菌。三类宾馆(酒店)中漱口杯菌落总数合格率之间差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.054,P<0.05)。结论 2019年陕西省宾馆(酒店)物理因素、室内外空气质量和微生物指标均存在超标现象,卫生状况不容乐观,应加大监督力度,加强场所从业人员卫生意识,规范消毒措施,改善公共场所卫生状况。

Objective To understand the air quality and the sanitary situation of public supplies and utensils in accommodation places of Shaanxi Province in 2019,provide basis for strengthening the sanitary management of accommodation places. Methods In 2019,the physical factors,indoor and outdoor air,and public articles and appliances of hotel rooms in Shaanxi Province were sampled and tested in accordance with the Shaanxi Province health hazard factor monitoring program for public places. The test results were evaluated according to the health indicators and limits in public places(GB 37488-2019). Results In 2019,a total of76 hotels were monitored,and the qualified rate of noise in physical factors was the lowest,only 70.03%. The qualified rate of noise in the hotels below three stars was the lowest(49.51%),which was significantly lower than that of noise in the hotels above three stars and budget hotels,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=29.453,P<0.01). The indexes of benzene,toluene,xylene and carbon monoxide in indoor air samples were all qualified. The formaldehyde,carbon dioxide and total number of colonies all exceeded the standard,and the exceeding rate was 0.27%,2.16% and 5.36%,respectively. The qualified rates of indoor and outdoor fine particulate matter(PM2.5) were the lowest,which was 91.91% and 87.83% respectively. The qualified rate of indoor PM2.5in hotels below three stars was significantly higher than that in hotels above three stars and budget hotels,the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=7.815,P<0.05). In the microbial indexes,the qualified rates of pH in towels and Legionella pneumophila in cooling water of cooling tower were lower,which was 89.49% and 89.19% respectively. The total number of bacterial colonies exceeded the standard in mouthwash cups,tea sets and towels,and the exceeded rate was 2.70%,0.84% and 0.21%,respectively.Staphylococcus aureus was detected in one sheet sample. There was statistically significant difference in the qualified rate of the total number of bacterial colonies among the three types of hotels (χ^(2)=10.054,P<0.05). Conclusion The physical factors,indoor and outdoor air quality and microorganism indexes of hotels in Shaanxi Province all exceed the standard in 2019,and the sanitary situation is not optimistic,so it is necessary to strengthen the supervision,strengthen the hygiene awareness of employees,standardize the disinfection measures,and improve the sanitary situation of public places.