制约临床病毒血清学检测的瓶颈问题及解决方案

Bottleneck problems and solutions of clinical viral serological detection

临床病毒血清学检测在病原筛查、病程监测、疗效评估等病毒感染性疾病诊疗中发挥了重要作用。近年来,得益于新型免疫技术的发展,病毒血清学检测的灵敏度和准确性得到大幅提升。但是与分子检测技术等方法相比,病毒血清学检测仍存在灵敏度及特异性不足、应对病毒变异检测方法开发滞后、快速检测多样性及多重检测手段欠缺等瓶颈问题。未来磁性纳米颗粒、分子印迹聚合物等新兴技术的研发应用,并结合人工智能等探索新技术新方法,可望进一步提升灵敏度和特异性,提高检测速度和通量,突破现有瓶颈。

Clinical viral serological testing plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of viral infectious diseases such as pathogen screening,disease course monitoring and therapeutic effect evaluation.In recent years,the sensitivity and accuracy of viral serological detection have been greatly improved due to the development of new immunological techniques.However,compared with molecular detection technologies and other methods,there are still some bottleneck problems,such as insufficient sensitivity and specificity,lagging development of virus mutation detection methods,rapid detection diversity and lack of multiple detection methods.In the future,the development and application of emerging technologies such as magnetic nanoparticles and molecularly imprinted polymers,as well as the exploration of new technologies and methods combined with artificial intelligence,are expected to further improve the sensitivity and specificity,improve the detection speed and flux,and breaking through the existing bottleneck.