新疆苹果资源分布及研究现状

Distribution and Research Status of Apple Resources in Xinjiang

种质资源是科技原始创新与现代种业发展的物质基础,随着工业化城镇化进程加快、气候环境变化及农业种养方式的转变,地方品种消失风险加剧,群体数量和区域分布发生很大变化,野生近缘植物资源急剧减少,一旦消失灭绝,其蕴含的优异基因、承载的传统农耕文化也将随之消亡,生物多样性也将受到影响,损失难以估量。为此,2021年中央一号文件指出,在全国范围内组织开展农业种质资源普查工作。新疆果树资源丰富,其中苹果野生资源、地方资源及引进资源很多,文章主要对新疆苹果资源分布及研究情况进行论述,期望为新疆苹果新品种选育及苹果产业的快速发展提供帮助。

Germplasm resources are the material basis for the original technological innovation and the development of modern seed industries.With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization,changes in the climate and the transformation of agricultural planting and breeding methods,the risk of local varieties disappearing has increased,and the number of populations and regional distribution have changed greatly.The resources of wild relatives have declined sharply.Once they disappear,the excellent genes and traditional farming culture they carry will also die out,and biodiversity will also be affected,and the loss is incalculable.To this end,the No.1 Central Document in 2021 pointed out that the nationwide survey of agricultural germplasm resources will be organized.Xinjiang is rich in fruit tree resources,including wild apple resources,local resources and introduced resources.The article mainly discusses the distribution and research of apple resources in Xinjiang.It is expected to provide assistance to the selection and breeding of new apple varieties in Xinjiang and the rapid development of the apple industry.