玉米‖大豆对作物生长发育与产量形成的影响

Effects of Maize Intercropping with Soybean on Crop Growth and Yield Formation

间作是我国常见的农田种植模式,合理的间作可使作物通过相互协作促进植株生长发育。本研究设置3种种植模式:玉米‖大豆、单作玉米和单作大豆,分别从农艺性状、根系分布特征及产量构成因子对作物生长发育与产量的影响等方面进行分析。结果表明:间作使玉米株高提升5.07%~76.46%,0~20cm、20~40cm RLD值分别增加20.39%~95.04%、21.31%~115.91%;间作使大豆株高降低2.08%~42.95%,显著降低SPAD值,0~20cm、20~40cm RLD值分别增加57.15%~213.33%、85.00%~160.00%。玉米‖大豆的LER=1.36>1,增产率35.78%,并得到结论:玉米‖大豆间作优势来源于系统地上部植株光合作用的提升和地下部根系空间分布的扩大。

Intercropping is a common planting method in China.Reasonable intercropping can promote plant growth and development through mutual cooperation of crops.In this study,three planting modes were set up,namely,maize‖soybean,monoculture maize and monoculture soybean,to analyze the effects of agronomic traits,root distribution characteristics and yield components on crop growth and yield.Experimental results show that:Intercropping increased maize plant height from 5.07%to 76.46%,the RLD value from 0to 20cm increased from 20.39%to 95.04%,and the RLD value from 20 to 40cm increased from 21.31%to 115.91%.The land equivalent ratio of maize and soybean LER=1.36>1,and the yield increase was 35.78%,the advantage of intercropping came from the improvement of photosynthesis and the expansion of root spatial distribution.