陆地棉种质资源株型相关性状鉴定与分析评价

Identification,Analysis and Evaluation of Plant Architecture Related Traits of Upland Cotton Germplasm

为了对棉花的株型相关性状进行鉴定与分析评价,本研究以收集的不同区域来源的315份陆地棉种质资源为研究对象,通过一年四个环境下三个株型相关性状,株高(Plant height,PH)、果枝夹角(Fruit branch angle,FBA)和果枝长度(Fruit branch length,FBL)的精准表型鉴定,对三个性状进行变异度、相关性、方差、聚类等分析与评价。结果表明,PH、FBA和FBL的变异度范围分别在11.02%~15.92%、4.67%~7.51%和17.42%~28.54%之间,且各性状之间存在极显著(P<0.01)相关性;三个性状在基因、环境和基因×环境互作中存在极显著(P<0.01)差异性,且PH、FBA和FBL在四个环境下的广义遗传力(hB2)分别为72.51%、25.12%和53.40%。当欧氏距离为30时,315份陆地棉种质资源根据三个株型性状被聚为Ⅰ(66份材料)、Ⅱ(25份材料)、Ⅲ(224份材料)三个大类群。区域差异性分析表明,PH在六个不同区域的材料间呈现出显著性(P<0.05)差异,FBA和FBL在不同区域之间的差异不显著;当欧氏距离为20时,来自USA的材料被单独划分为一个类群;当欧氏距离为15时,西北内陆棉区的材料也单独聚为一个类群。棉花株型相关性状的变异度相对较小,且遗传力相对较低。在棉花株型育种过程中,要重点利用美国材料做亲本,六个不同区域之间要加强种质资源引进、交流与利用,以改良本土品种的株型结构。本研究结论为机采棉株型遗传育种提供重要的理论依据和参考信息。

In order to identify,analyze and evaluate cotton plant architecture related traits,a total of 315 accessions of upland cotton collectedfrom different regions were used as the research object,through accurate phenotypic identification of three plant architecture related traits,plant height(PH),fruit branch angle(FBA)and fruit branch length(FBL)under four environments in one year,the variability,correlation,variance,and clustering of the three traits were analyzed and evaluated.The results showed that the variation ranges of PH,FBA and FBL were 11.02%-15.92%,4.67%-7.51%and 17.42%-28.54%,respectively.There was a very significant correlation(P<0.01)among three traits.The traits in gene,environment and gene×environment were extremely significant difference(P<0.01),and the broad heritability(hB2)of PH,FBA and FBL in the four environments were 72.51%,25.12%and 53.40%respectively.When the euclidean distance was 30,the upland cotton germplasm resources were divided into three groups,group Ⅰ(66 materials),group Ⅱ(25 materials)and groupⅢ(224 materials).The analysis of regional differences showed that there were significant differences(P<0.05)in PH among six different regions,and there was no significant difference between FBA and FBL in different regions.When the euclidean distance is 20,the materials from USA are divided into a single group,and while the euclidean distance is 15,the materials from Northwest Inland Regions are also divided into a single group.The variability of cotton plant architecture related traits is relatively narrow,and the heritability is relatively low.In the process ofcotton plant architecture improvement and breeding in China,we should mainly focus on using American materials as parents,and strengthen the mutual introduction and utilization of germplasm among the six regions to improve the plant architecture of local varieties.The conclusionsof this study lay an important theoretical basis and provide critical reference information for plant architecture genetics and breeding of machine picked cotton.