激光/水射流切割工艺的新型切割头结构设计

The Structural Design of a New Laser/Water Jet Cutting Head

对激光切割和磨料水射流切割的原理和优缺点进行简要的阐述,随后提出水射流辅助激光复合加工的方法,通过水射流不断冲击工件表面来降低表面温度和冲走熔渣,减少激光加工的热损伤,但此加工方式对激光与水射流的工作位置有着较高的要求。目前的试验系统大多为独立的激光器和水射流以一定的角度配合使用,这使得两者在加工过程中保持工作位置稳定较为困难。针对这一问题,设计了一种激光与水射流通道一体且能同轴工作的集合式激光/水射流切割头,利用热冲击断裂原理完成对材料的切割,从而得到更高的切割精度。最后使用ANSYS软件对加工过程中的温度场进行仿真分析,并使用切割头对立方氮化硼复合材料进行实际切割,试验结果验证了加工系统的可靠性。

In this paper,the principle,advantages and disadvantages of laser cutting and abrasive water jet cutting are briefly described,and then a method of water jet assisted laser composite machining is mentioned.The water jet continuously impacts the surface of the workpiece to reduce the surface temperature and wash away the slag,reducing the thermal damage of laser processing.However,this machining method has higher requirements on the working position of laser and water jet.Most of the current experimental systems are independent laser and water jet at a certain angle,which makes it extremely difficult for them to maintain stable working position during the processing.According to this problem,in this paper,an integrated laser/water jet cutting head is designed that can work coaxially with the laser and water jet channels,and it uses the principle of thermal shock fracture to complete the cutting of materials,so as to obtain higher cutting accuracy.Finally,ANSYS software is used to simulate and analyze the temperature field in the machining process to verify the reliability of the machining system.