黄山风景区旅游废弃物生态足迹历时性分析

Diachronic analysis on the ecological footprint of tourism waste in Huangshan Scenic Spot

历时性旅游废弃物演化规律及生态影响研究是制定旅游地可持续发展战略的基础性工作。以生态足迹理论为基础,利用1979—2018年相关统计资料与团队实地调研数据,对黄山风景区旅游废弃物生态足迹的长时间序列动态变化进行特征研究。结果表明:(1)黄山风景区旅游废弃物生态足迹演变具有明显的阶段性特征,共分为1979—1987年持续上升、1988—1996年小范围浮动式下降、1997—2005年剧烈振荡以及2006—2018年趋于稳定四个阶段。(2)黄山风景区旅游废弃物生态足迹的来源及构成占比随着当地垃圾处理方式及污染防治措施的变化而变化。其中,固体垃圾的足迹占比最多且达到52.18%~97.99%,并从显性与隐性两方面对当地生态环境产生影响。(3)随着黄山风景区旅游经济增长,区域资源利用效益持续升高,环境质量稳定改善,始终处于可持续发展状态。(4)黄山风景区的实践表明成熟的环境管理体制和不断改进的卫生治理措施可将旅游废弃物造成的生态影响控制在一定范围之内,从而为其他山岳型景区可持续发展提供有益参考。

Diachronic research on the evolution law of tourism waste and its ecological impact is the basic work for tourism destinations to formulate sustainable development strategies.Based on ecological footprint theory,this paper explored the change characteristics of the tour‐ism waste ecological footprint in Huangshan Scenic Spot from 1979 to 2018 by using years of relevant statistical data and the team's field investigation data.Four characteristics are summa‐rized:(1)The evolution of tourism waste ecological footprint has obvious characteristics of stag‐es.It rises continuously from 1979 to 1987,then drops up and down in a small range from 1988 to 1996,and then changes dramatically from 1997 to 2005,and finally remains stable from 2006 to 2018.(2)The composition and source proportions of tourism waste ecological footprint in Huangshan Scenic Spot are closely related to local waste treatment models and pollution preven‐tion measures.Among them,solid waste footprint accounts for the largest proportion of 52.18%to 97.99%,and it has an impact on the local ecological environment from both explicit and im‐plicit aspects.(3)With the growth of tourism economy in Huangshan Scenic Spot,the utiliza‐tion efficiency of regional resources continues to increase,and the environmental quality im‐proves steadily.It has always been in a state of sustainable development.(4)The practice of Huangshan Scenic Spot shows that the impeccable environmental management system and the continuously improved sanitary control measures can control the ecological impact caused by tourism waste within a certain range,which can provide a useful reference for the sustainable de‐velopment of other mountain scenic spots.