“老漂族”的新朋友圈:随迁老人的城市社会网络构建模式研究

A Study on the Construction Model of the New Social Network of Elderly Urban Immigrants

我国人口迁徙和人口老龄化催生了“老漂族”这一特殊流动群体。在扎根理论基础上,利用NVivo 12 Plus软件,基于28份随迁老人深度访谈资料进行质性分析。从不同地区随迁老人的城市社会网络现状出发,以网络构成类型为支撑,比较分析随迁老人城市社会网络的构建模式和路径。研究发现,随迁老人社会网络构建呈现出“芦苇型”“苔藓型”“劳燕型”“灵鸟型”等模式,构建路径包括基于关系秩序回归的微环境影响情感型网络、依托社区邻里的社交型网络、场域包容作用的政策保障工具型网络。被动回家或主动留下的选择背后均折射出随迁老人重“圈子”、想融入又缺乏网络构建支持机制及经济约束。据此提出相关建议,包括覆盖“老漂族”的社会保障制度、加强基本公共设施适老化改造、社区积极开展“老漂族”适应性项目等。

China’s urbanization process and its aging population have given rise to a special group of mobile population,the elderly urban immigrants.On the basis of grounded theory,this paper uses NVivo 12 Plus to conduct qualitative analysis based on 28 in-depth interviews with the elderly urban immigrants.Starting from the current situation of the social network of elderly urban immigrants in different regions,and supported by the network composition type,a comparative analysis of the construction model and pathway of social network for is found that there exists four different types social network construction models including“Reed type”,“Moss type”,“Swallow type”and“Free bird type”.The construction paths include emotional network of micro-environment influence based on relational order regression,social network based on community and neighborhood,and policy support tool network based on field inclusion.The choice of passively returning home or actively staying reflects that the returning elderlies’intentions to integrate into the social network lacked the support of network construction mechanisms and fund.Based on the above,corresponding optimization paths are proposed relating to the social security system,public facilities for the elderly,and adaptive community activities for elderly urban immigrants.