南京国民政府时期中央地方自治机构的沿袭和变革(1928-1937)

The evolution of the central local self-government institutions in the Republic of China (1928-1937)

南京国民政府自训政开始至抗日战争全面爆发前,中央层级主持地方自治工作的机构经历两次变革,最终成为核心权力的组成部分。其沿革可分为三个时期:国民政府行政院内政部地方自治专门委员会时期、国民党中央执行委员会民众运动指导委员会下属地方自治指导委员会时期、国民党中央执行委员会地方自治计划委员会时期。这一历史过程,既展现出全面抗战爆发前国民党政权在政治现代化方面的不断尝试,又揭示了国民党的党政矛盾和党内矛盾是推动中央政治组织变迁的主要动力。政治机构组织化程度增强、政治权力下沉等结果,并非事先计划的目标,只是采取各种权宜之计和处理各种矛盾时的副产物。

During the period of the Nanjing National Government in the Republic of China,the central government presided over local autonomy went through two changes and eventually became a component of the core power.Its evolution can be divided into three periods:During the period of Special Committee on Local Self-Government of the Executive Yuan of the Ministry of Interior of the National Government,the period of local Self-government Steering Committee under the Popular Movement Steering Committee of the Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang,and the period of Local Self-government Planning Committee of the Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang.This historical process not only shows the continuous attempts of the Kuomintang regime in political modernization before the outbreak of the total Anti-Japanese War;It also reveals that the party and government contradictions and intra-party contradictions of the Kuomintang are the main driving force to promote the change of the central political organization.The result of the increased organization of political institutions and the decline of political power is not a pre-planned or deliberately preset goal,but a by-product of adopting various expedients and dealing with various contradictions.