土壤中微塑料复合污染研究进展与展望

Microplastic-based Compound Pollution in Soil: An overview

微塑料污染作为新型的生态环境问题,是全球共同面临的严峻挑战,其对生态系统的威胁及潜在风险已成为当前环境领域的研究热点。自然界中的微塑料与多种污染物共存所产生的复合污染,比微塑料单一污染造成的后果更严重,因此,对微塑料复合污染的内在机制研究及所采取的防控对策将更加复杂。该文按照土壤环境中与微塑料产生复合污染的污染物的不同来源,将微塑料复合污染划分为两种类型:污染物来自土壤环境中的重金属、持久性有机污染物和抗生素等,称为外源性复合污染;污染物来自微塑料自身所释放的有毒添加剂等,则称为内源性复合污染。综述了土壤中微塑料复合污染的3种主要路径:一是微塑料与土壤环境中常见的主要污染物,如重金属、持久性有机污染物、抗生素等发生吸附作用;二是微塑料与土壤微生物等形成生物膜;三是微塑料与自身释放的有毒添加剂形成共同污染。同时,分析了微塑料与以上不同污染物和自身释放的添加剂共同作用的过程、相关影响因素,以及微塑料复合污染所引发的生态毒性效应。在此基础上,对土壤微塑料复合污染研究一些未来发展方向进行了展望。该文旨在为深入探究土壤中微塑料复合污染的互作机理、风险评估和综合治理提供参考。

Microplastic pollution, as a new type of ecological and environmental problem, is becoming a big challenge faced by the world. The threat and potential risk of microplastic pollution to ecosystem is becoming a hot research topic in the current environmental field. The microplastic-based compound pollution with various pollutants in the environment is more serious than the microplastics pollution alone, so research on the internal mechanism of microplastic composite pollution and the relevant prevention and control strategies taken are more complex than those for microplastic pollution. In this paper, we divided the microplastic-based compound pollution with other pollutants in soil environment into two categories based on the pollution sources, including endogenous pollution(e.g., toxic additive released from microplastic) and exogenous pollution(e.g., heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, antibiotics).Three main paths of microplastic-based compound pollution in soil were summarized as follows: The first one was microplastics adsorbing common major pollutants, such as heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, and antibiotics in soil environment;the second one was microplastics forming biofilms with soil microorganisms;the third one was microplastics releasing toxic additives and causing joint pollution. We also analyzed the interaction processes of microplastic pollution with the above-mentioned pollutants and itselfreleased additives and the relevant influencing factors, as well as their combined ecotoxic effects. Finally, some future research development trends in soil microplastic-based compound pollution areas were presented. This paper aims to provide some references for further understanding of microplastic-based compound pollution in soil and exploring its interaction mechanisms, conducting risk assessments and identifying control strategies.