负载镍催化可溶性淀粉制备纳米中空碳球及超级电容器应用研究

Synthesis of Hollow Carbon Spheres from Soluble Starch Catalyzed by Supported Nickel and Application in Supercapacitor

因环境友好和可持续性,以生物质为原料合成纳米碳材料一直受到人们的广泛关注。本研究以负载镍为催化剂利用一步碳化方法成功将可溶性淀粉转化为一种纳米中空碳球结构,并应用到超级电容器电极材料上。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和N2吸附/脱附等方法对所制备碳材料进行表征。通过对SEM和TEM观察发现所制备的纳米中空碳球外径在100~140nm范围内,壁厚在10~50nm之间。XRD和Raman结果说明中空碳球具有较好的石墨化结构。热重分析测试结果说明碳球的热稳定性较高,但结构中也含有少部分无定型炭结构。N2吸附/脱附测试表明碳球结构中含有大量的微孔,碳球比表面积约为140.84m2g^(-1)。将纳米中空碳球应用于超级电容器电极,并测试其电化学性能。循环伏安法测试表明该电极材料具有较高的重量比电容,在2m V·s^(-1)的条件下电容可达到174.8F·g^(-1)。

Due to the environmental friendliness and sustainability, the synthesis of carbon nanoparticles from biomass has been widely con-cerned. The soluble starch is successfully converted into a kind of hollow carbon nanosphere structure by one-step carbonization method with sup-ported nickel catalyst, and the products are applied to the electrode material of supercapacitor. The carbon materials are characterized with scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), Raman spectroscopy(Raman) and N2adsorption/desorption. The SEM and TEM observations show that the outer diameter of the prepared hollow carbon spheres range from 100 to 140nm, and the wall thickness ranges from 10 to 50nm. The XRD and Raman results show that the hollow carbon spheres have good graphitization structure. The results of thermogravimetric analysis show that the carbon sphere has a good thermal stability, but there are some amorphous carbon structures in the structure.The N2adsorption/desorption test show that the carbon spheres contain a large number of microporous structures with a specific surface area of140.84m~2g^(-1). The electrochemical performance of hollow carbon spheres is tested by applying them to the electrode of supercapacitor. The cyclic voltammetry test shows that the electrode material has a high weight specific capacitance, which can reach 174.8F g^(-1)at 2mV s^(-1).