西藏昌都市3种重要食用林果产品及其产地土壤质量安全分析

Quality and Safety Analysis of 3 Important Edible Forest and Fruit Products and Their Origin Soil in Qamdo,Tibet

监测了昌都市3种主要食用林果产品(核桃、苹果、康巴蜜橘)及其产地土壤的重金属和农药残留含量,并对其进行评价与讨论。结果表明:1)此次监测抽检7批次核桃、38批次苹果、30批次康巴蜜橘均符合GB 2762-2017和GB 2763-2021标准限量要求(重金属铅和镉含量均未超标或未检出,20种农药残留物均未检出),核桃、苹果、康巴蜜橘合格率均为100%。2)此次监测抽检5批次核桃、9批次苹果、9批次康巴蜜橘产地土壤符合GB 15618-2018标准风险筛选值要求(重金属含量不超标),监测核桃产地土壤合格率为71.4%、苹果产地土壤合格率为39.1%、康巴蜜橘产地土壤合格率为60%;监测抽检2批次核桃、14批次苹果、6批次康巴蜜橘产地土壤不符合GB 15618-2018标准风险筛选值要求(砷、铅、镉等重金属含量超标),监测核桃产地土壤不合格率为28.6%、苹果产地土壤不合格率为60.9%、康巴蜜橘产地土壤不合格率为40%。总体来说,所监测的食用林果产品与产地土壤重金属含量没有显著相关性,没有出现富集现象。本研究以期林草部门下一步为区域内群众的食用林果安全种植提供理论依据。

The content of heavy metals and pesticide residues in the 3 main edible fruit products(walnuts,apples,kangba mandarin oranges) of Qamdo and their origin soil were monitored,evaluated and discussed.The results showed that:1)The 7 batches of walnuts,38 batches of apples,and 30 batches of kangba mandarin oranges were all in compliance with GB 2762—2017 and GB 2763—2021 standard limits(The content of heavy metals lead and cadmium were not exceeded or not detected,and 20 pesticide residues were not detected).The qualified rate of walnuts,apples and kangba mandarin oranges were 100%.2)The origin soil of 5 batches of walnuts,9 batches of apples,and 9 batches of Kangba mandarin oranges met the requirements of GB 15618—2018 standard risk screening value(heavy metal content does not exceed the standard).The origin soil qualification rate of walnuts,apples and Kangba mandarin oranges was 71.4%,39.1% and60%,respectively.The origin soil of 2 batches of walnuts,14 batches of apples and 6 batches of Kangba mandarin oranges did not meet the requirements of GB 15618—2018 standard risk screening value(arsenic,lead,cadmium and other heavy metals exceeded the standard).The origin soil unqualified rate of walnuts,apples and Kangba mandarin oranges was 28.6 %,60.9%,and 40%,respectively.In general,there was no significant correlation between the heavy metal content of the monitored edible fruit products and the soil of the production area,and there was no enrichment phenomenon.This research is expected to provide theoretical basis for the safe cultivation of edible fruits for the forestry and grass sector in the next step.