国家领土权视角下“台独领土公投”探析——基于加泰罗尼亚和苏格兰公投案例比较

An Analysis of “Taiwan region Independence Referendum” from the Perspective of National Territorial Rights——By Comparing the Cases of Catalonian Independence Referendum and Scotland Independence Referendum

中国台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分,然而依附“台湾地区前途自决论”分裂理念的“公投修法”成为民进党攫取“台独”政治资本的重要手段。既有的“台独领土公投”的实证研究,从“实然”实践层面指出国际领土公投案例台湾地区不可参照性,较少涉猎“应然”原因层面“领土自决论”的探析。本文从国家领土权视角提出人民是国家领土权的元管辖主体,每个人民平等享有本国家整体领土范围内的土地和资源开采使用以及迁徙流动等权利,涉及领土分离的公投应当由本国全体人民决定。分别与加泰罗尼亚和苏格兰公投对比,认为缺乏中央政府的国家领土权授权,台湾地区擅自进行“领土公投”是“违宪”“不合法”的,中央政府应当基于国家领土权加强台湾地区人民国家领土认同,实现两岸人民“反独促统”命运共同体的构建。

The threshold of “referendum” has been lowered through “Referendum Amendment”, since Tsai-ing Wen’s administration came to power. It tied the constitutional amendment referendum with the “nine in one”election, and set the referendum cycle in two years. According to the current “Referendum law”, there will be three referendums in the future term of office. At the same time, “Referendum Amendment” has become an important means for the DPP to make “Taiwan region independence” come true. With Tsai-ing Wen’s frequent efforts in the field of “referendum”, the central government has proposed to resolutely oppose “Taiwan region independence”separatist activities by means of the so-called “referendum”, or to open the door for “Taiwan region independence”separatist activities. This paper will analyses the “Taiwan region independence referendum” from the perspective of national territorial rights. It points out that the people is the basic jurisdictional subject of national territorial rights, and each people equally enjoys the rights of exploitating natural resources and migration of lands within the whole territory of the country. The “Taiwan region independence referendum” involving territorial separation should not be only decided by the people’s referendum in Taiwan region. Compared with the referendum in Catalonia and Scotland, it is considered that the referendum without authorization of central government is unconstitutional. The central government should strengthen the national territorial identity, and promote the national identity to oppose the separation referendum.