6种表面活性剂的生物毒性研究

Study on Biotoxicity of Six Surfactants

石油工业在发展的中后期,大量使用表面活性剂以提高采收率,但大部分表面活性剂的生物毒性作用尚不明确。以502发光菌、重组大肠杆菌和大肠杆菌为受试微生物,综合研究了6种现役表面活性剂的急性毒性和Persoone毒性作用分级,通过体外凝胶电泳研究了表面活性剂的DNA损伤和作用机理。结果表明,6种表面活性剂均表现出较高的急性毒性,重组大肠杆菌较502发光菌和大肠杆菌更敏感,可能更适合作为生态监测测试菌;6种表面活性剂中有5种为高毒,1种为有毒,且均能引起质粒DNA损伤,可能原因为表面活性剂与DNA直接结合导致,其中2种磺酸型表面活性剂诱导DNA损伤的毒性较强,推测可能具有一定的遗传毒性。研究结果可为表面活性剂的健康、环境安全性指标和生物毒性的检测方法提供参考。

In the middle and late stages of the development of the petroleum industry,surfactants have been used in large quantities to enhance oil recovery.However,the toxic effects of most surfactants remain still unclear.In this study,the acute toxicity and Persoone toxicity classification of six active surfactants were studied by using Photobacterium phospholem 502,recombinant Escherichia coli and Escherichia coli as the tested microorganisms.The results showed that,all six surfactants had significant acute toxicity to the three tested becterias,the recombinant Escherichia coli was more susceptible than Photobacterium phospholem 502 and Escherichia coli,which may be more appropriate as the ecological monitoring tests bacteria than the others.Of the six surfactants,five surfactants were highly toxic and one surfactant was toxic.All the six surfactants caused direct DNA damage,which may be caused by the direct binding and interacting of surfactants to DNA.In comparison with the other four surfactants,the two sulfonic surfactants exhibited much more toxic in inducing DNA damage,which can be speculated that they may have some possibility of genotoxicity.The results of this study can provide references for the indicators of environmental health and safety and the detection methods of biological toxicity in surfactants.