改性树脂炭的石墨化及应用进展

Progress in the graphitization and applications of modified resin carbons

树脂炭具有良好的力学、电学以及热物理性能,是广泛应用于航空、航天、能源等领域的结构功能一体化材料。树脂固有的分子结构特性导致树脂炭难石墨化,限制了树脂炭的广泛应用。本文综述了近年来改性树脂炭石墨化及应用的研究进展,系统介绍了催化剂、碳纳米材料、易石墨化共炭化剂三类树脂改性剂,可提高树脂炭的石墨化炭含量并降低其石墨化温度。其中催化剂和碳纳米材料改性剂方面的研究较多,催化剂改性剂在较低温度下(低于1400℃)便能使树脂炭的石墨化度达74%,而碳纳米材料改性剂需要在2000℃以上才能较明显地提高树脂炭的石墨化度。相比前两种改性剂,易石墨化的共炭化改性剂不仅能提高树脂炭的石墨化度,还能提高树脂的残炭率。在应用方面,提高树脂炭的石墨化度能提高炭/炭复合材料的导热和导电性能,也能提高超级电容器材料和二次电池电极材料的导电性能、倍率性能和功率密度。最后探讨了改性树脂炭的石墨化及应用面临的挑战和发展方向。

Resin carbons have favorable mechanical,electrical and thermal properties,and are widely used as structural and functional materials in aviation,aerospace and energy storage,etc.The inherent molecular structures of resins make their graphitization difficult,which greatly limits wide applications.Research progress on the graphitization and applications of resin carbons in recent years are reviewed.Their graphitized carbon content can be increased and their graphitization temperature reduced by adding catalysts,carbon nanomaterials and easily graphitized co-carbonization agents.Most studies have been devoted to increasing their graphitized carbon content using catalysts and carbon nanomaterials.The degree of graphitization of resin carbons at temperatures below 1400℃can reach 74%by adding a catalyst,and above 2000℃by adding carbon nanomaterials.Cocarbonization agents may increase their degree of graphitization and also their carbon yield.The thermal and electrical conductivities of carbon/carbon composites could be improved by increasing the degree of graphitization of resin carbons,and this would improve the conductivity,rate performance and power density of supercapacitors and secondary batteries.Challenges and research prospects for the graphitization of resin carbons and their applications are discussed.