美国对尼泊尔推进“千年挑战计划”的战略意图及其认知逻辑

The Strategic Ambitions and Rationale behind America’s Millennium Challenge Plan in Nepal

在美国国际开发署、和平队等传统援助相继遭遇“援助无效”和“彻底失败”等指摘之后,2002年“千年挑战计划”的推出一度为美国对外援助注入新的内涵和活力。然而,站在受援国立场,美国的国际主义动机更多被解读为“现代帝国主义工具”、“大国诱饵”以及“政治陷阱”。发展中国家对“千年挑战计划”20年的接受史几乎也是一部拒绝史,历史上多次发生突然终止、项目退款和中途退出等“重大变化”和“折中”。美国尼泊尔版“千年挑战计划”的本质是美国通过投放“战略诱饵”加强对尼泊尔进行内部控制的战略工具。美国尼泊尔版“千年挑战计划”落地的重要原因和背景在于尼泊尔大会党以及印度教民族主义力量持续不断增长,而尼泊尔的共产主义运动处于理论混乱和力量衰减之中。

As the U.S.Agency for International Development,the Peace Corps,and other traditional aid mechanisms continued to encounter ineffectiveness and complete failure,in 2002 the Millennium Challenge Plan was introduced to breathe new life and vigor into America’s overseas assistance.While so,from the vantage point of recipient countries of this assistance,America’s motives are read as being motivated less by internationalism,and more by"modern imperialism","great power enticement"and"political entrapmen".20 years of history have seen developing countries systematically reject the Millennium Challenge Plan which has experienced the sudden termination of activities,the return of project funds,or"major changes"and"compromises".In the case of Nepal,the Millennium Challenge Plan essentially represented America tossing out"strategic bait"to lure Nepal into falling under American control.An important reason why America managed to introduce Millennium Challenge Plan in Nepal was the growing influence of the Nepalese Congress Party and Hindu nationalism in the country,and the declining power and ideological influence of the communist movement.