黑龙江不同产地北苍术中氨基酸的组成特征及营养评价

Amino acid composition characteristics and nutritional evaluation in Atractylodes chinensis(DC.) Koidz. from different regions of Heilongjiang

目的 探究黑龙江不同产地北苍术中氨基酸的组成特征,并对其营养价值进行评价。方法 收集黑龙江5个产地(大兴安岭、齐齐哈尔、哈尔滨、牡丹江和佳木斯)共24批次北苍术,采用氨基酸自动分析仪对其氨基酸的组成与含量进行测定,通过氨基酸比值系数法对其进行营养价值评价,按照氨基酸的含量进行聚类热图分析。结果 24份北苍术中至少含有17种氨基酸,总氨基酸含量介于(2.557±0.053)~(8.093±0.031) g/100 g,其中必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、儿童氨基酸、药用氨基酸、支链氨基酸、抗菌氨基酸和伯氨基氨基酸含量分别为(0.586±0.024)~(1.502±0.106)、(1.919±0.064)~(6.653±0.290)、(1.184±0.059)~(3.647±0.145)、(1.516±0.075)~(5.304±0.131)、(0.265±0.005)~(0.694±0.044)、(0.162±0.004)~(0.425±0.036)和(1.751±0.076)~(6.306±0.228) g/100 g;鲜味氨基酸、甜味氨基酸、苦味氨基酸和芳香族氨基酸的含量分别占总氨基酸含量的25.06%~33.71%、26.61%~40.04%、27.31%~37.42%和3.82%~5.40%;氨基酸评分系数、必需氨基酸/总氨基酸含量的百分比、必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸含量的百分比分别为61.1~79.0、17.06%~25.24%和20.56%~33.77%;聚类热图按照氨基酸含量将北苍术样品分为4类。结论 黑龙江不同产地北苍术的氨基酸含量丰富,其组成无显著性差异,但是含量及营养价值有一定的差异,就氨基酸而言,大兴安岭、齐齐哈尔甘南和牡丹江产地的氨基酸含量相对较高。

Objective To explore the amino acids composition characteristics and nutritional evaluation of Atractylodes chinensis(DC.) Koidz. in different origins of Heilongjiang. Method The paper collected 24 batches of Atractylodes chinensis(DC.) Koidz. from 5 producing areas in Heilongjiang(Greater Khingan, Qiqihar, Harbin,Mudanjiang and Jiamusi), the types and content of amino acids were detected by amino acid automatic analyzer.The nutritional value was evaluated by the method of amino acid ratio coefficient. According to the content of amino acids, heatmap and cluster analysis was carried out. Results There were at least 17 kinds of amino acids in 24 batches of Atractylodes chinensis(DC.) Koidz., among which, the total content of amino acids was(2.557±0.053)-(8.093±0.031) g/100 g. The content of essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids, child essential amino acids, medicinal amino acids, branched chain amino acids, antibacterial amino acids and primary amino acids were(0.586±0.024)-(1.502±0.106),(1.919±0.064)-(6.653±0.290),(1.184±0.059)-(3.647±0.145),(1.516±0.075)-(5.304±0.131),(0.265±0.005)-(0.694±0.044),(0.162±0.004)-(0.425±0.036) and(1.751±0.076)-(6.306±0.228) g/100 g, respectively;the content of delicious amino acids, sweet amino acids, bitter amino acids and aromatic amino acids accounted for 25.06%-33.71%, 26.61%-40.04%, 27.31%-37.42% and 3.82%-5.40% of the total amino acid, respectively;the score of amino acid ratio coefficients, the percentages of essential amino acids to total amino acids and the percentage of essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids were 61.1-79.0, 17.06%-25.24%and 20.56%-33.77%, respectively;through heatmap and cluster analysis, the samples of Atractylodes chinensis(DC.)Koidz. could be divided into 4 categories according to the content of amino acids. Conclusion The amino acids content of Atractylodes chinensis(DC.) Koidz. from different habitats in Heilongjiang is rich, there are no difference in amino acids types, but the content of amino acids and nutritional value varies greatly. As far as amino acids are concerned, the amino acids content in Greater Khingan, Gannan in Qiqihar and Mudanjiang is relatively higher.