春黄菊干花特征香气成分鉴定及香气协同作用变化评估

Identification of Characteristic Aroma Components and Evaluation of the Synergism Among Aromas in Dried Flowers of Anthemideae

该研究以春黄菊干花为研究对象,对其香气化合物及其香气物质间的香气协同作用进行研究。采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)技术、气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)以及气相色谱-嗅闻技术(GC-O),从中共鉴定出53种挥发性香气成分,其中酯类13种,醛类6种,醇类8种,酮类2种,烯烃类11种等。样品中(E)-β-金合欢烯(6.06 mg/L),乙酸(4.61 mg/L),甜没药烯萜醇氧化物B(1.12 mg/L)的含量较高。结合气GC-O和OAV,得到关键香气化合物(OAV>1.00)18种,其中戊酸、癸酸乙酯具有较高数值,可能是主要特征香气化合物。电子鼻提供风味指纹图谱,根据感官分析,选择辛酸乙酯、癸酸乙酯等4种酯和乙酸、戊酸2种酸运用S型曲线法探究得出,乙酸与辛酸乙酯发生协同作用(R=0.48),与癸酸乙酯发生加成作用(R=0.97);而戊酸与癸酸乙酯发生加成作用(R=0.80)。

In this study,the dried flowers of Anthemideae were used as the research object.The aroma compounds and the synergies aomng the aroma substances were studied.Headspace solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME),gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and gas chromatography-smelling apparatus(GC-O)were used,and a total of 53 volatile aroma compounds were identified,including 13 esters,6 aldehydes,8 alcohols,2 ketones,and 11 olefins.(E)-β-Acacia(6.06 mg/L),acetic acid(4.61 mg/L),and bisabolol oxide B(1.12 mg/L)has higher contents in the samples.Through GC-O and OAV analyses,18 key aroma compounds(OAV>1.00)were obtained,among which valerate,ethyl decanoate and acetic acid had higher values,thus might be the main characteristic aroma compounds.The electronic nose was used to provide the flavor fingerprint.According to the sensory analysis,four esters including ethyl octanoate and ethyl decanoate,along with two kinds of acids,acetic acid and valerate acid,were selected for further examination by the s-curve method.Acetic acid and ethyl capric acid exhibited a synergistic effect(R=0.48),whilst additive effects were found between acetic acid and ethyl capric acid(R=0.97),and between valeric acid and ethyl decanoate(R=0.80).