火灾下传统村落建筑群应急疏散路线规划

Evacuation route planning for traditional village buildings under fire

传统村落建筑群火灾频发且易造成群死群伤,确定火灾状态下合理的疏散路径对提高疏散效率、确保人员安全有重要意义。本文以最短路径算法为基础建立考虑道路地形、人群聚集和火灾热辐射对疏散环境影响的最佳疏散路线规划方法。该方法基于FDS建立火灾场景,确定各疏散环境影响因素取值并得出火灾状况道路的当量长度赋权矩阵,采用Dijkstra算法计算火灾场景下的最佳疏散路径。结合某村落计算建筑群各建筑火灾下的最佳疏散路径,对当量长度较长路径提出改进意见,并使用疏散模拟软件分析验证改造后路径的疏散效果,最终得到所有建筑的最佳疏散路径。结果表明:该方法符合实际疏散道路情况,并能有效确定火灾下传统村落建筑群的最佳疏散路线。

The traditional village buildings are prone to fire and death, so it is important to determine a reasonable evacuation path to improve evacuation efficiency and ensure personnel safety. Based on the above problems, this paper establishes the optimal evacuation route planning method considering the impact of road terrain, crowd gathering and fire heat radiation on the evacuation environment based on the shortest path algorithm. This method establishes fire scenarios based on FDS, determines the value of each evacuation environment influencing factor and obtains the equivalent length weighting matrix of roads under fire conditions, and uses Dijkstra algorithm to calculate the optimal evacuation path under fire scenarios. Combined with a village, calculate the best evacuation path of each building in the building group under fire, propose improvement suggestions for the path with long equivalent length, and use evacuation simulation software to analyze and verify the evacuation effect of the modified path, and finally obtain the best evacuation path of all buildings. The results show that the method accords with the actual evacuation road situation, and can effectively determine the best evacuation route of traditional village buildings under fire.