挪威深海矿产资源开采战略路径分析及启示

Norwegian Deep Sea Resource Exploitation Strategic Analysis and Suggestion for China

挪威近年来大力推动深海采矿,在地质科研勘探、技术装备研制、环保政策制定等领域已经走在世界前列,率先为深海采矿商业化提供了实现可能。挪威政府凭借其过硬的工程装备基础与深厚的法律政策积淀,因时制宜积极转变深海采矿路径,目前已在商业化开发与环境保护中找到平衡点,形成了完备的深海开发战略路径。文章通过中国和挪威两国深海资源开展战略对比分析,提出4点建议:加快深海产学研深度合作,带动新兴产业发展;以《深海法》为基石,构建深海采矿产业政策;加强深海环境保护研究,打造环境友好的深海开发路线;把握深海国际机制,争取深海国际规则主动权。多角度提升深海实力,以尽快实现“深海开发”。

In recent years, the Norwegian government has been vigorously promoting deep-sea mining. Norway’s geological research and exploration, technical equipment development, environmental policy making and other aspects have been in the forefront of the world, taking the lead in providing the possibility for the commercialization of deep-sea mining. Based on its strong engineering equipment foundation and profound legal and policy accumulation, Norwegian government has actively changed the path of deep-sea mining according to the current situation, and has found a balance between commercial development and environmental protection. Based on the comparative analysis between China and Norway, this paper put forward suggestions in four aspects: 1) Accelerate cooperation between deep sea industry, university and research, drive the development of emerging industries;2) Construct industrial policies for deep-sea mining based on deep-sea law;3) Strengthen the research on deep-sea environmental protection and create an environmentally friendly deep-sea development route;4) Grasp the international mechanism and strive for the initiative of international rules;so as to realize “deep sea development” as soon as possible.