杜威的经验论与学前教育思想

John Dewey’s Empiricism and Thought of Preschool Education

杜威的自然经验论纠正了传统哲学中经验与自然二元对立的思想,认为经验与自然、生活、实践不可分割。杜威重新界定了经验的概念,认为经验是主客体之间的相互作用,只有在符合连续性和交互作用两条标准时才具有教育价值,真正的教育离不开经验,教育是获取经验、改造经验的活动。杜威的学前教育思想是以自然主义经验论为理论基础的,主要包括以下内容:尊重儿童经验生长的独特性,在生活中发展儿童的经验,在经验中发展儿童思维;建立空间和时间上具有连续性的幼儿园课程;以游戏作为儿童经验的主要方式,以家庭生活作为幼儿游戏的中心;创设一个互动的、激发儿童学习兴趣的环境;幼儿教师应成为引导者和支持者。

Dewey’s naturalistic empiricism criticizes and corrects the dualistic opposition of experience and nature in traditional philosophy,and holds that experience and nature,life and practice are inseparable.He redefined the concept of experience,thinking that experience is the interaction between subject and object,and it has educational value only when it meets the two standards of continuity and interaction.Real education is inseparable from experience,as education is an activity to acquire and transform experience.Dewey’s thought of preschool education is based on naturalistic empiricism.Dewey advocated that we should respect the uniqueness of children’s experience growth,develop children’s experience in life,and develop children’s thinking in experience;establish a kindergarten curriculum with spatial and temporal continuity;take games as the main way of children’s experience,and make family life as the center of children’s game;create an interactive environment that stimulating children’s interest of learning;and preschool teachers should guide and support this process.