晋南小麦应对气候变化的适应性栽培技术模式

Adaptive Cultivation Technology Model of Wheat in Response to Climate Change in Southern Shanxi

针对气候变暖情境下,晋南地区小麦生育期气温升高、降雨减少、春季干旱及冻害发生频率增加等因素导致的小麦生产系统的不稳定,通过开展小麦播期调控、氮肥调控、灌水调控对极端气候的响应机制研究,同时结合已有的研究成果,形成以“适度晚播,平衡冬春生长;春水提前,平抑生育进程;氮肥后移,稳定作物需求”为核心的小麦应对气候变化的适应性策略。通过以积温定播期、以播期定品种,对整地方式、播种机械、播种深度、水肥耦合等措施进行优化,形成小麦应对气候变化的适应性栽培技术。该项技术实现小麦生长与气候变化相适应,提高小麦的抗旱、抗寒能力,减轻病虫草害发生程度,减少生育期施氮量10%~20%,拓宽品种选择的适宜范围。

In this study,in the context of climate warming,the instability of wheat production system caused by the factors such as the increase of temperature,the decrease of rainfall,the increase of occurrence frequency of drought and freezing injury in spring in the growth period of wheat in southern Shanxi.Through the research on the response mechanism of wheat sowing date regulation,nitrogen fertilizer regulation,and irrigation regulation to extreme climate,combined with the existing research results,an adaptive strategy for wheat to deal with climate change with"moderately late sowing to balance the growth of winter and spring;early spring water to stabilize the growth process;backward nitrogen fertilizer to stabilize crop demand"as the core was formed.By determining the sowing date according to the accumulated temperature and determining varieties according to the sowing date,and optimizing the land preparation method,sowing machinery,sowing depth,water fertilizer coupling and other measures,an adaptive cultivation technology of wheat to deal with climate change was formed.This technology realized the adaptation of wheat growth to climate change,improved the drought and cold resistance of wheat,reduced the occurrence of diseases,pests,and weeds,reduced the amount of nitrogen application in the growth period by 10%-20%,widened the suitable range of variety selection.