木醋液的制备及其在农业方面的应用研究进展

Research Progress on Preparation of Wood Vinegar and Its Application in Agriculture

木醋液是农林残余物热解过程中产生的烟气经冷凝而得到的液体。对木醋液制备及其应用的研究,可提高农林残余物的利用率,减少环境污染。通过查阅大量文献和资料并结合笔者测定的木醋液成分,综合阐述了热解温度对制备木醋液产率和组分的影响,不同原料和精制方法对制备木醋液组分的影响,不同原料制备的木醋液功能性成分、成分作用及应用方向,同时对造成木醋液产率和成分组成差异的原因进行分析;并从不同种类、稀释浓度、施加方法及与其他肥料配施等方面,着重介绍了木醋液在改善土壤理化指标和生物活性、促进作物生长、提高作物品质、防治病虫害、制备生物质肥等农业方面的研究进展,并针对目前研究过程中有效成分尚不明确等问题,对未来研究方向提出展望。

Wood vinegar is the liquid obtained by condensation of flue gas generated during the pyrolysis of agricultural and forestry residues.Research on the preparation and application of wood vinegar can improve the utilization rate of agricultural and forestry residues and reduce environmental pollution.In this paper,the effects of pyrolysis temperature on the yield and components of wood vinegar,the effects of different raw materials and refining methods on the components of wood vinegar,the functional components,functions and application directions of wood vinegar prepared from different raw materials were comprehensively expounded by consulting a large number of literatures and materials and combining with the components determined by the authors of this paper.At the same time,the reasons for the difference in wood vinegar yield and composition were analyzed.The research progress of wood vinegar in improving soil physical and chemical indexes and biological activity,promoting crop growth,improving crop quality,controlling pests and diseases,and preparing biomass fertilizer was emphatically introduced from the aspects of different kinds,dilution concentrations,application methods,and combined application with other fertilizers.And aiming at the problems that the active ingredients are not clear in the current research process,the future research direction was presented.