代孕禁止的法理基础与制度建构

Legal Basis and System Construction of Surrogate Prohibition

代孕技术的不断推进开启了一个由有性生殖到无性生殖、从自然偶发到人工操纵生命的新阶段。但其在满足人类需求的同时也致使法律关系的复杂化和社会矛盾的不断激化。在“生殖座架”的逻辑框架下,代孕母亲在一定程度上被当作一种可用的医疗资源、一种可替代的实体而存在,从根本上颠覆了传统的生育观念以及与母亲身份相关的文化意涵。将代孕母亲嵌入社会医疗系统,代孕实质上是其自我规训、自我客体化与自我尊严贬损的过程。基于对法律家长主义和中立的自由主义两种立法立场的整合分析,可以论证法律介入代孕规制的正当性与必要性,而其以何种姿态介入,则需要在总结域外代孕规制经验的基础上结合我国传统与当代的实际需求进行综合考量。基于此,提出代孕禁止的规制模式,明确和巩固代孕禁止的立法立场,建立系统、科学、合理的立法规则体系,实现技术进步、观念转型、制度完善的协同推进将是我国未来立法的应选路径。

The continuous advancement of surrogacy technology has opened a new stage from sexual reproduction to asexual reproduction,from natural accidental to artificial life manipulation.However,while meeting human needs,it also leads to the complexity of legal relations and the intensification of social conflicts.Under the logical framework of“Reproductive Gestell”,surrogate mothers exist as a kind of available medical resources and an alternative entity to a certain extent,which fundamentally subverts the traditional concept of fertility and the cultural meaning related to mother identity.By embedding surrogate mothers into the social medical system,surrogacy is essentially a process of self discipline,self objectification and self dignity derogation.Based on the integrated analysis of legal paternalism and neutral liberalism,the legitimacy and necessity of legal intervention in surrogacy regulation can be demonstrated,and the attitude of its intervention needs to be comprehensively considered on the basis of summing up the experience of foreign surrogacy regulation and in combination with China's traditional and contemporary actual needs.Based on this,putting forward the regulation mode of surrogacy prohibition,clarifying and consolidating the legislative position of surrogacy prohibition,establishing a systematic,scientific and reasonable legislative rule system,and realizing the coordinated promotion of technological progress,concept transformation and system improvement will be the appropriate path for China's future legislation.