马克思政治哲学视域下的生命权利与健康正义

The Right to Life and Health Justice from the Perspectiveof Marxist Political Philosophy

如何面对公共卫生危机是人类文明进程中无法逃避的挑战,保障人民的生命健康不仅要依靠科学技术的实践应用,更关涉到卫生健康观念的理论定向。这一理论定向对人类生命健康的捍卫旨在赋予生命权利和健康正义特殊的内涵与意义。生命权利的基本结构是以生存权保障生命活动的持续性;以健康权维护身体机能的完整性;以发展权促进实践主体的能动性。健康正义的主旨则在于建立科学的分配原则以保障公共卫生危机下的生命权利。根据生命权利的结构,健康正义内含三个维度:生命维度,体现为医疗资源的分配正义;生活维度,体现为生活资料的分配正义;生产维度,体现为生产供给的分配正义。健康正义的分配原则展开为医疗资源的优先原则、生活资料的需要原则、生产供给的差异原则,且三原则是内在统一的。

How to cope with a public health crisis is an ineluctable challenge in the process of human civilization,safeguarding human health depending on not only the application of science and technology,but also the theoretical orientation concerning health.This theoretical orientation defends life and health to endow life rights and health justice with particular connotations and significance.The life right is structured with the continuity of life guaranteed with the right of existence,the comprehensiveness of body functions maintained with the right of health,and the subject potency facilitated by the right of development.The main goal of health justice is found in the establishment of the scientific allocation principle to safeguard life rights in a public health crisis.According to this structure of life rights,health justice is composed of three dimensions,respectively the life dimension demonstrated in the distribution 888justice of medical resources,daily life maintenance demonstrated in the allotment justice of life materials,and the production dimension demonstrated in the allocation justice of production supplies.The distribution principle of health justice is developed into the priority principle of medical resources,the need principle of means of living and the difference principle of production and supply,and the three principles are internally unified.