家庭资产建设对儿童发展的具体效应及其影响路径

Effects of Family Asset Building on Child Development and Its Realization Paths

由谢若登创立的“资产为本的社会福利政策”范式是以资产效应理论为基础的,而学界忽视了资产效应与资产建设效应在理论与实践上的内在差异,往往导致相关理论与经验研究上的混淆。基于两种竞争性理论视角,运用CFPS2018数据实证研究资产建设对儿童发展主要维度的具体效用及其影响路径,检验区分资产效应理论与资产建设效应理论的必要性与可行性。研究发现:(1)资产建设行为对儿童身心健康、行为表现、学业表现以及自我期望等儿童发展的关键维度都具有显著的正效应,但针对儿童发展不同维度中的具体影响路径存在着显著不同。从影响路径来看,资产建设行为对儿童身心健康、自我期望均具有直接的正效应,对身心健康也通过家庭关系、家长参与、家长期望具有积极的中介效应;对学业成绩不具有直接的正效应,主要通过家庭关系、家长期望产生中介正效应,而通过家长参与却产生了显著负效应;对儿童自我期望仅通过家长期望产生积极影响。(2)家庭资产本身仅对儿童行为表现、学业成绩以及自我期望具有正效应,而对儿童身心健康产生了负效应。从影响路径来看,家庭资产本身对儿童身心健康具有直接负效应,不仅如此,在中介效应通道中,通过家庭关系、家长参与对儿童身心健康也呈现负效应。(3)就资产建设对儿童身心健康、行为表现的效应而言,资产建设效应与资产效应之间存在着显著差别,区分资产建设效应理论与资产效应理论不仅在理论上是必要的而且在经验上是有效可行的。研究发现家庭资产建设对于完善“资产为本的社会福利政策”理论基础以及促进儿童发展的相关政策提供了智识借鉴。

Sherraden’s the“asset-based social welfare policy”paradigm is based on asset effect theory.However,the academic community ignores the inherent differences between asset effect and asset building effect in theory and practice,resulting in confusion in relevant theoretical and empirical research.Based on two competitive theoretical perspectives,the paper uses CFPS2018 data to empirically study the specific utility and influence path of asset building on the main dimensions of child development and to test and distinguish the necessity and possibility of asset effect theory and asset building effect theory.Discoveries show that:(1)Asset building behavior has a significant positive effect on the key dimensions of child development,such as children’s physical and mental health,behavioral performance,academic performance and self-expectation with significant differences in the specific influence path for different dimensions of child development.Asset building has a direct positive effect on children’s physical and mental health and self-expectation.Among them,asset building behavior has a positive effect on physical and mental health through family relationship,parental involvement and expectation.In addition,it does not have a direct positive effect on academic performance.It mainly has a positive mediating effect through family relationship and parental expectation as agents,but it has a significant negative effect on academic performance through parental involvement.Asset building can make a positive effect on children’s self-expectation only if it through the path of parental expectation.(2)Family assets have positive effects on children’s behavior,academic performance and self-expectation,but they have negative effects on children’s physical and mental health.In the meantime,family assets have a direct negative effect on children’s physical and mental health.Moreover,they have negative effects on children’s physical and mental health through family relationship and parental involvement in the channel of mediating effect.(3)In terms of the effects of asset building on children’s physical and mental health and behavior,there are significant differences between asset building effect and asset effect.The distinction between asset building effect theory and asset effect theory not only is necessary in theory but also effective and feasible in experience.The findings provide an intellectual reference for improving the theoretical basis of“asset-based social welfare policy”and promoting the formulation of relevant policies of child development.