当代俄罗斯保守主义文化思潮与历史小说的价值转向

Conservative Cultural Trend in Russia and the Value Change of Historical Fiction

20-21世纪之交俄罗斯思想文化界兴起了一个保守主义文化思潮。其基本特征是反对激进的变革和文化虚无主义,在回望并反思历史中重新重视民族传统文化的意义与价值。这一思潮的复兴激发了历史小说的繁荣和价值转向。这种价值转向表现为:作家对既有历史观念、传统文化认知失误和偏颇的反思和检讨;作家将目光辐射至以往未能或极少涉及的领域,以实现对历史文化填补空白、反抗“遮蔽”和重新审视的努力;历史叙事不再是对社会形态史和事件史的关注,而重在对民族文化传统及其现代性价值的重新认识和张扬;作家摒弃追问“真相”的科学主义倾向,以“意义建构”为叙事路向,表达出对历史逻辑的新思考和历史文化启示的新发现。

The basic feature of the conservative cultural trend that emerged in the Russian ideological and cultural circles at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries is to oppose radical changes and cultural nihilism,and to re-emphasize the meaning and value of traditional national culture in retrospect and reflection on history.The revival of this trend of thought inspired the prosperity and value change of historical fiction.This change is manifested as:the writer reconsiders the existing historical concepts and cultural cognitive distortions and biases;the writer turns his attention to the fields that have not been or rarely covered in the past,so as to fill in the blanks of history and culture,and to resist"covering"and to re-examine history;historical narrative is no longer concerned with the history of social forms and events,but focuses on the re-understanding and promotion of national cultural traditions and their modern values;the writer abandons the scientific tendency which keeps asking about"truth,"and takes"meaning construction"as the narrative direction,expressing new thinking on historical logic and new discoveries of historical and culturalrevelations.