俄罗斯高等教育区域学:理论构建、历史演进及中俄互鉴

Regional Studies in Russia’s Higher Education:Theoretical Construction, Historical Evolution and Mutual Learning Between China and Russia

俄罗斯高等教育区域学学科建设始于1994年,经过近30年的发展,在专业设置、人才培养、理论建设等多个方面已经形成较为完善、独具特色的学科体系。俄罗斯区域学学科建设的发展路径是典型的由制度设计过渡到内涵发展。经过多次的调整,俄罗斯区域学最终确定了与政治学并立的学科定位,形成了以巴雷金的“区域学基础”、沃斯克列先斯基的“世界综合区域学”为代表的区域学理论。2022年9月中国正式将区域国别学列入研究生教育学科目录,标志着我国国别区域研究进入新的学科规范化发展阶段。在这一背景下,通过对比我国区域国别学与俄罗斯区域学在学科建设背景、学科定位、学科培养模式等方面的异同,吸收俄罗斯区域学学科建设经验,可促进我国新时期区域国别学建设。

The discipline construction of reginal studies in Russia’s higher education began in 1994. After nearly 30 years of development, a relatively complete and unique discipline system has been formed in terms of professional setting, personnel training, and theoretical construction. The development path of the discipline construction is a typical transition from institutional design to connotative development. After several adjustments, Russia’s regional studies finally made sure the subject orientation alongside political science, forming a regional theory represented by Balykin’s "regional studies foundation" and Voskresensky’s "world comprehensive regional studies". In September 2022, China will officially include regional and national studies in the catalog of graduate education disciplines, marking that China’s national and regional studies have entered a new stage of standardized development of disciplines. In this context, by comparing the similarities and differences between our regional studies and Russia’s regional studies in terms of discipline construction background, subject positioning, and discipline training models, and absorbing the experience of Russian regional studies in discipline construction, it can promote the development of regional studies in the new era in China.