新中国成立以来我国政府与科技社团关系演变逻辑:基于间断均衡的政策分析框架

Evolution of Relationship Between Government and Sci-tech Association since the Founding of P.R.C:A Framework of Policy Analysis Based on Punctuated-equilibrium

科技社团作为党和政府团结联系广大科技工作者的桥梁纽带,是国家创新体系的重要组成部分,也是建设科技强国的重要力量。基于间断均衡理论,使用政策文本分析方法对新中国成立以来我国政府与科技社团关系演变逻辑进行梳理,将其关系变迁历程划分为探索均衡期、强势间断期、弱势间断期、探索均衡期、发展均衡期、完善均衡期6个时期。研究表明,我国政府与科技社团间关系在政策变迁历程中展现出非线性、较高不确定性且伴有偶然性突变的特征;我国政府与科技社团关系的变迁先后经历了社会团体管理制度初步建立、“全能主义”盛行、改革开放的历史转折、监管与整顿、培育与监管、赋权与增能6个阶段的深刻调整;中央政府决策的注意力分配、焦点事件冲击、科技社团的策略性行动这3个要素以不同的作用机制改变科技社团的政策场域,进而影响我国政府与科技社团之间关系的变迁。

As the basic carrier for the party and the government to organize and unite the masses of scientific and technological workers, the sci-tech association plays multiple functions in promoting the systematization, synergy and institutionalization of scientific and technological innovation talent teams, facilitating the creation, flow and use of scientific knowledge, and deepening the reform of the administrative management system. The research on the relationship between the government and the sci-tech association has always been the focus of scholars, and the related research has formed a certain theoretical system. However, most of the studies show a "fragmented" feature due to the static description of key events or single cases within a fixed time period, and lack of consideration of diversity in different historical periods and systems based on the diachronic backgrounds. The analytical framework of relevant research has also been stuck in the traditional perspective for a long time, lacking innovation based on new theory or analytical framework. The punctuated-equilibrium theory describes the phenomenon of discontinuity and equilibrium in the process of public policy with the distribution of time series and policy changes. It is one of the important theories of public policy process.Thus this paper attempts to use the punctuated-equilibrium theory to break through the limitations of existing research, investigate the change process of Chinese sci-tech association policy since the founding of P.R.C, verify the nonlinear characteristics of the punctuated equilibrium of sci-tech association policy, and explore the dynamic mechanism of the relationship between the Chinese government and sci-tech association. After sorting out 107 relevant policy texts of Chinese sci-tech association since the founding of the P.R.C, it is concluded that the policy of sci-tech association has the characteristics of punctuated and equilibrium alternating progression. According to the changes of policy tools, policy tool settings and policy goals and the policy evolution stage of sci-tech association, this paper divides the evolution map of the relationship between the government and sci-tech association since the founding of P.R.C into six punctuated equilibrium periods: the exploration equilibrium period, the strong intermittent period, the weak intermittent period, the exploration equilibrium period, the development equilibrium period and the perfect equilibrium period. Furthermore, in order to investigate the driving factors behind the punctuated equilibrium of sci-tech association policy, this paper adjusts and revises the influencing factors of the punctuated-equilibrium model under the background of western public policy. It is found that the attention distribution of central government decision-making, the impact of focus events and the strategic action of sci-tech association are the main factors that causes the change of sci-tech association policy.On the basis of the evolution of Chinese sci-tech association policy since the founding of P.R.C, this paper expands the classical punctuated-equilibrium model, and draws the following conclusions. First of all, the evolution of the relationship between the Chinese government and sci-tech association is in a key and dominant position in the process of policy changes of sci-tech association. Secondly, the change of the policy field is the premise for the adjustment of the relationship between the Chinese government and the sci-tech association. Finally, the development and inclusiveness of the policy field is an important factor for the benign development of the relationship between the government and the sci-tech association. Although at present academic circles still hold a skeptical and cautious attitude towards the judgment that there would be co-governance between the government and sci-tech association, it is certain that the relationship between the government and the sci-tech association in China will continue to move forward with the efforts in exploring and improving balance, and the role of science and technology association in innovative national construction and jointly building a social governance pattern of co-governance and sharing will be further improved.