重庆市丰都县植烟土壤养分丰缺现状及施肥区划

Current Situation of Nutrient Abundance and Deficiency in Tobacco Planting Soil and Fertilization Division in Fengdu County,Chongqing City

通过对2021年重庆市丰都县植烟土壤的各项养分指标分析及土壤酸碱度和土壤交换性钙镁、阳离子交换量的相关性分析,探究丰都县烟区土壤养分丰缺情况,并因地制宜地提出土壤改良方案。结果显示:2021年丰都县土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和交换性钙、镁含量均值分别为30.1 g/kg、176.4 mg/kg、77.1 mg/kg、488.0 mg/kg、6.19 cmol/kg和0.92 cmol/kg。土壤pH均值为5.6,酸化程度为46%,可见丰都县植烟土壤潜性酸化问题严重。土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和交换性钙镁含量缺乏的比例为4.0%、0.0%、1.0%、1.0%、45.2%和67.1%。土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和交换性钙镁含量过剩的比例为42.0%、43.0%、90.0%、93.0%、3.6%和3.6%。根据养分含量分级标准可知,该县土壤养分含量丰富,土壤肥力良好,土壤有机质和碱解氮含量适宜,有效磷和速效钾含量整体偏高,交换性钙镁含量偏低。丰都县土壤pH与土壤交换性钙镁均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),土壤pH与土壤阳离子交换量呈弱负相关。综上所述,重庆市丰都县植烟区应按照测土配方结果,结合烟区实际生产情况,采取降酸、稳有机质和氮素、控磷钾、增钙镁等措施,实施大配方、小调整的植烟土壤管理措施,以达到烟叶产质量的共赢。

Through the analysis of various nutrient indicators of tobacco-growing soil in Fengdu County,Chongqing in 2021,and the correlation analysis of soil pH,soil exchangeable calcium and magnesium,and cation exchange capacity,the abundance and deficiency of soil nutrients in this area were explored.And put forward soil improvement programs according to local conditions.The results showed that the average contents of soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and exchangeable calcium and magnesium in Fengdu County in 2021 were 30.1 g/kg,176.4 mg/kg,77.1 mg/kg,488.0 mg/kg,6.19 cmol/kg and 0.92 cmol/kg,respectively.The average soil pH was 5.6,with the acidification degree of 46%,which showed that the potential acidification problem of tobacco planting soil in Fengdu County was serious.The proportions of soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and exchangeable calcium and magnesium were 4.0%,0.0%,1.0%,1.0%,45.2%and 67.1%,respectively.While the excess ratios of soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and exchangeable calcium and magnesium were 42.0%,43.0%,90.0%,93.0%,3.6%and 3.6%,respectively.According to the grading standard of nutrient content,the county's soil was rich in nutrients,good in soil fertility,suitable in soil organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,high in available phosphorus and available potassium,and low in exchangeable calcium and magnesium.In Fengdu County,the soil pH was significantly positively correlated with soil exchangeable calcium and magnesium(P<0.01),and the soil pH was weakly negatively correlated with soil cation exchange capacity.To sum up,the tobacco-planting areas in Fengdu County,Chongqing should take measures such as"reducing acid,stabilizing organic matter and nitrogen,controlling phosphorus and potassium,and increasing calcium and magnesium"in accordance with the results of soil testing and formulation combined with the actual production conditions in the tobacco area.Tobacco planting soil management measures of"big formula,small adjustment",in order to achieve a win-win situation in tobacco production and quality.