巴渝乡村聚落空间特征分析与基因识别

Spatial Gene Identification and Map Construction of Rural Settlements in Bayu

我国乡村聚落量大面广且区域差异明显,深入研究地域乡村聚落的形态特征与发展演化规律是探索地域特色传承的迫切需求。文章将乡村聚落基因界定为控制聚落空间形态特征的遗传因子,包括控制其形态特征的空间组构规则(空间形态基因)及其生成的关键影响因素(形态生成基因)。建立空间形态特征分析框架,以重庆市域历史文化名村及产业特色村为例,分析乡村聚落用地形态、用地构成、建筑类型与肌理的特征及演变,提炼出相对稳定的空间模式,从地理环境、社会经济等方面解析形态背后的影响因素,揭示空间基因及其在不同环境条件下的表现形式,探讨对乡村规划与设计的启示。

The number of rural settlements in China is large,and the regional differences are obvious.Indepth study of the morphological characteristics and development and evolution of regional rural settlements is urgent to explore the inheritance of regional characteristics.Analogizing the concept of biological gene,the article defines the spatial genes of rural settlements as factors that control the characteristics of the settlements,including space organizational rules(space genes)and their key influencing factors(morphogenic genes).This paper establishes a spatial characteristics analysis framework,and takes Chongqing’s historical and cultural villages and industrial characteristic villages as examples to analyze the characteristics and evolution of the land form and composition of rural settlements,building composition and texture,and reveals the relatively stable spatial model.It also analyzes its influencing factors and the evolution mechanism in the geographical environment,social and economic aspects.Finally,it reveals the space gene and their different forms in various conditions,constructs a spatial gene map combining influencing factors and spatial forms,and explores the enlightenment for rural planning and design.