制度空间视角下自然保护地与人类活动的冲突与协调——以雅鲁藏布大峡谷自然保护区为例

Conflict and coordination between protected natural areas and human activities from an institutional space perspective:A case study of the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon Nature Reserve

自然保护地与人类活动的冲突与协调已成为中国自然保护地体系建设中亟需解决的关键问题。本文从制度空间的视角构建了自然保护地与人类活动冲突分析框架,并以雅鲁藏布大峡谷自然保护区为例,分析了制度空间下冲突演变过程、类型及表征,进而提出优化调控路径。研究发现:(1)不同社会经济发展阶段需要形成与之相匹配的保护地制度空间,当原保护地制度空间无法满足新阶段保护地与人类活动的动态发展关系时,即会引发空间冲突;(2)自然保护地与人类活动冲突遵循从隐形冲突向显性冲突的发展过程,并表现出不同的冲突类型;(3)雅鲁藏布大峡谷自然保护区与人类活动关系整体处于隐性冲突阶段,表现在城镇化建设冲突、产业限制冲突和边防管控冲突3个方面。通过新的保护地分类制度建设、外部边界调整和内部功能分区来优化空间配置,并进行合理的制度调控,有利于推动此类问题的解决并促进保护地制度空间优化和区域可持续发展的共赢。

The conflict and coordination between protected areas and human activities have become a key problem to be solved urgently in the construction of China’s protected areas system.This study constructed an analytical framework of conflict between protected area and human activities from the perspective of institutional space,took the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve as an example to analyze the evolution process and types and characterization of conflict institutional space,and then proposed the optimal regulation paths.The results show that:(1)Corresponding protected area institutional space needs to be formed for different socioeconomic development stages.When the original institutional space cannot meet the dynamic development relationship between protected area and human activities in a new stage,spatial conflicts will be triggered.(2)Conflicts follow the development process from inplicit conflict to explicit conflict,and are of varied types.(3)The overall relationship between the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon Nature Reserve and human activities is in the stage of implicit conflict,which is manifested in three aspects including urbanization development conflict,industrial restriction conflict,and border control conflict.The construction of a new classification system of protected area,optimization of spatial allocation by external boundary and internal functional partition regulation,and reasonable institutional regulation are conducive to promoting the solution of such problems and creating a win-win situation for protected area institutional space and regional sustainable development.