中国流域生态补偿研究热点及趋势展望

Hotspots and trends of watershed ecological compensation research in China

健全流域生态补偿机制建设,提升生态保护者的积极性是新时代水生态环境保护的重要任务。本文采用归纳法和文献计量法,运用CiteSpace软件对2004—2022年的614篇中国流域生态补偿相关的中英文文献进行分析。结果表明:(1)从时间维度看,依据关键词共现强度和实践政策变化,中国流域生态补偿研究可划分为初步探索(2004—2011年)、快速发展(2012—2016年)和拓展深化(2017—2022年)3个演变阶段;从空间特征看,研究主体呈现出由流域局部到整体、从省内到跨省流域研究的趋势;从研究机构看,文章发表单位类型和数量逐年增多,主要集中在农林水利类院校,各机构间的合作研究较少。(2)从研究内容看,内涵与功能、补偿意愿、补偿机制、补偿标准、补偿模式与实践先后成为流域生态补偿的研究热点。未来研究应加强各机构间的合作交流,在多功能协同的补偿机制建设、市场化多元化补偿形式探索、科学化差异化补偿标准测算、综合成效评估等方面进一步深化研究,以不断健全流域生态补偿的研究体系,促进流域生态补偿的顺利开展。

Improving the construction of ecological compensation mechanism and encouraging the participation of ecological conservation stakeholders are an important task of water environment protection in the new era.Based on the time series data from 2004 to 2022,this study used the induction and bibliometric analysis methods and the CiteSpace software to analyze 614 Chinese and English publications on watershed ecological compensation in China.The results show that:(1)Temporally,according to the intensity of keyword co-occurrence and the change of policies,the research on watershed ecological compensation in China can be divided into three stages:initial exploration(2004-2011),rapid development(2012-2016),and expansion and deepening(2017-2022).Spatially,the research expanded from local to basin-wide,and from provincial to interprovincial basins.With regard to research institutions,the types and number of publishing institutions are increasing year by year,mainly concentrated in agricultural,forestry,and water conservancy colleges,and the cooperative research among institutions is limited.(2)With regard to research content,connotation and function,compensation willingness,compensation mechanism,compensation standard,and compensation models and practice have successively become the research hotspots of watershed ecological compensation.Future research should strengthen the cooperation and communication between agencies,focusing on constructing multi-function synergy compensation mechanism,exploring marketization and diversification of compensation,determining scientific and differential compensation standards,and evaluating the comprehensive effectiveness of compensation,to continuously improve the system of watershed ecological compensation research and promote the smooth development of compensation mechanism.