天然气压差发电、光伏发电及太阳能集热技术在油气田中的应用研究

Application Research of Natural Gas Pressure Difference Power Generation,Photovoltaic Power Generation and Solar Energy Heat Collection Technology in Oil and Gas Fields

天然气的生产、输送、销售过程,同时也是从高压到低压的过程,中间蕴藏着巨大的压力能。天然气输气干线10Mpa减压至为4.0Mpa时,可回收的最大压力能约63kJ/kg。压力能的回收利用主要方式是采用膨胀机替代调压阀,使天然气膨胀带动转轴产生机械能,再将机械能转换为电能或其他所需形式的能量。在华北油田天然气井口高压,处理厂下载高压网气,储气库压缩储能,均适用于压差发电技术,在满足生产的同时降低成本也可提高效益。此外,光伏发电和太阳能集热技术,是将太阳光能和热能收集利用,在油气田可应用于单井拉油站点,具有投资少、装机规模小、见效快等特点,可替代燃油、燃气发电和生产用热或作为能源补充,具有良好的效益。

The production,transmission and sales process of natural gas is also a process from high pressure to low pressure,which contains huge pressure energy.The maximum recoverable pressure energy is about 63kJ/kg when the natural gas transmission trunk line is depressurized from 10Mpa to 4.0 Mpa.The main way of pressure energy recovery and utilization is to replace the pressure regulating valve with an expander,so that the natural gas expands and drives the shaft to generate mechanical energy,and then converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy or other required forms of energy.High pressure at the wellhead of natural gas in Huabei Oilfield,high-pressure network gas downloaded from the processing plant,and compressed energy stored in the gas storage are all applicable to differential pressure power generation technology,which can reduce costs while meeting production requirements and improve benefits.In addition,photovoltaic power generation and solar heat collection technologies are used to collect and utilize solar energy and heat energy,which can be applied to single well oil pumping stations in oil and gas fields.They have the characteristics of less investment,small installed capacity,quick effect,etc.They can replace fuel oil and gas power generation and production heat or as energy supplement,with good benefits.