霉变棉衣物上微生物的鉴定与抑制

Identification and inhibition of microbes on mildewed cotton clothes

为了确定霉变棉衣物上霉菌的种类,抑制纯棉衣物霉变,对霉变衣物上的霉菌进行提取、分离和纯化,最终得到了7种霉菌。结果发现引起棉织物霉变的优势霉菌菌属为曲霉属霉菌和青霉属霉菌。采用ITS序列分析并进行同源性比较,鉴定出这7种霉菌分别为匍枝根霉、顶青霉、黄曲霉、芽枝状枝孢霉、桔青霉、杂色曲霉和茎点霉菌。将单个的优势霉菌接种到棉织物上,采用山梨酸钾、硫酸锌和苯甲酸钠作为抑菌剂,探究其对霉变棉织物的抑制效果。结果表明:不同霉菌最佳抑菌浓度不同,且3种抑菌剂硫酸锌的抑菌效果最好。当山梨酸钾和硫酸锌添加量为0.12 g/100mL,苯甲酸钠添加量为0.14 g/100mL时为棉织物上混合优势霉菌最佳抑菌浓度。本文鉴定了棉衣物上致霉霉菌菌属,并确定了3种抑菌剂最佳抑菌浓度,为开发有效的纺织品防霉技术奠定基础。

During the storage or wearing process of cotton clothing,"mildew"phenomenon is caused by microbial contamination,which forms mildew spots on the clothing,produces odor,and affects the appearance and service life of clothing.Wearing moldy clothes is likely to cause cross-infection of the skin and there are health risks.Fungi can decompose fibers to be nutrients,and metabolites secreted by the human body such as sebum and sweat adsorbed on clothing can also provide nutrients for microorganisms to reproduce and grow on them.Molds also secrete organic acids during the growth process to erode the fabric.Cotton clothes in the daily life of the environment is easy to be contaminated by microorganisms,and is more prone to molding in the humid rainy environment.However,there are differences in the types of mold on different fabrics.Therefore,it is necessary to identify the types of mold microorganisms on clothing in different regions,and use effective bacteriostatic agents to protect textiles and prolong their service life.In order to determine the type of mildew on cotton clothes,so as to inhibit the mildew of cotton clothes,the mold on the moldy clothing was extracted,and was cultured and purified in PDA medium under the appropriate temperature and humidity.Single mold and dominant mixed strains were inoculated on cotton fabrics.In order to simulate the real growth of mold on cotton clothes,human sebum was used as microbial nutrient.Potassium sorbate,zinc sulfate and sodium benzoate were used as antibacterial agents to observe the growth of fungi on cotton fabrics.The number of molds on it was counted by a mold counter to explore the antibacterial effect of the three inhibitors and the optimal addition amount.Finally,seven kinds of molds were obtained.The results showed that the dominant fungi causing mildew of cotton fabrics were Aspergillus and Penicillium.The seven fungi were identified as Rhizopus stolonifera,Penicillium apicale,Aspergillus flavus,Cladosporium budding,Penicillium citrinum,Aspergillus versicolor and Phoma sp.by ITS sequence analysis and homology comparison.It was found that the best bacteriostatic concentrations of different molds were different,and the bacteriostatic effect of zinc sulfate was the best.When the addition of potassium sorbate and zinc sulfate was 0.12g/100mL and the addition of sodium benzoate was 0.14g/100mL,the optimum inhibitory concentration of the mixed dominant fungi on cotton fabrics was obtained.Identification of mildew fungi on cotton clothes provides experimental reference for elucidating the mechanism of cotton clothes mildew.The optimum concentration of antibacterial agents for cotton fabrics explored lays an experimental foundation for the antibacterial technology of cotton fabrics in the storage end.