不同施镁量对烟株养分累积规律的影响

Effects of Different Magnesium Application Rates on Nutrient Accumulation of Tobacco Plants

以翠碧一号为试验材料,于福建省烟科所宦溪科研基地布置田间随机区组试验,共设0(T1,CK)、19.5(T2)、39.0(T3)、58.5(T_(4))、78.0(T5)kg/hm^(2)MgO等5个镁肥用量。结果表明:全生育期以对照的烤烟根系和地上部的氮、磷、钾、镁、钙累积量最小;T_(5)处理的烤烟根系的镁、钾累积量最大,分别为1.60和9.91 kg/hm^(2),分别比对照增加了26.98%和8.91%;T3处理的烟株根系的氮累积量最高,为9.92 kg/hm^(2),比对照增加了40.5%;磷和钙累积量在移栽后150 d达到最高,分别为10.46和4.77 kg/hm^(2),分别比对照增加了29.1%和4.6%。移栽后63 d,烟株地上部的氮、磷累积量均在T_(4)处理下达到最高,分别为4.13和2.48 kg/hm^(2),分别比对照增加17.55%和10.33%;全生育期烟株地上部的钾累积量在T_(4)处理下最高,为100.04 kg/hm^(2),比对照增加4.80%;烟株地上部的镁在移栽后105 d,T_(4)处理下达到最高,为8.53 kg/hm^(2),比对照提高了69.06%;T5处理下,烟株地上部的钙累积量在移栽后150 d达到最高,为38.48 kg/hm^(2),比对照增加1.42%。适宜的镁肥投入可以促进烟株氮、磷、钾、钙、镁的累积;高镁施用量抑制了烟株地上部的钾累积,促进了根系对钾的累积。因此,福建烤烟生产推荐镁肥投入量为40~55 kg/hm^(2)MgO,增施镁肥可有效改善烟株对养分的吸收和累积。

A field random block experiment was set up in Huanxi tobacco experiment station.Mg application amounts were 0(T1,CK),19.5(T2),39.0(T3),58.5(T_(4))and 78.0(T_(5))kg/hm^(2)MgO,respectively.The variety of flue-cured tobacco we used was Nicotiana tabacum L.cv.CB-1.The results showed that the accumulation of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K),magnesium(Mg)and calcium(Ca)in root and shoot of flue-cured tobacco was the lowest under control treatment during the whole growth period.The maximum accumulation of Mg and K in root was observed under T_(5),which were 1.60 kg/hm^(2)and 9.91kg/hm^(2),which increased by 26.98%and 8.91%compared with control treatment,respectively.The maximum N accumulation(9.92 kg/hm^(2))in root was observed under T3,which increased by 40.5%compared with control treatment.The maximum P and Ca accumulation(10.46 and 4.77 kg/hm^(2))was observed at 150 days after transplanting,which increased by 29.1%and 4.6%compared with control treatment.The accumulation of N(4.13 kg/hm^(2))and P(2.48 kg/hm^(2))in shoot of T_(4)reached maximum at 63days after transplanting,with an increase of 17.55%and 10.33%compared with control treatment,respectively.The maximum K accumulation in shoot was 100.04 kg/hm^(2)under T_(4)during whole growth period,which increased by 4.80%compared with control treatment.The maximum Mg was 8.53 kg/hm^(2)under T_(4)at 105 days after transplanting,which increased by 69.06%compared with control treatment.The maximum Ca accumulation in shoot of T_(5)was 38.48 kg/hm^(2)at 150 days after transplanting,which increased by 1.42%compared with control treatment.Appropriate Mg fertilizer input could promote the accumulation of N,P,K,Ca and Mg in flue-cured tobacco.High-Mg application inhibited the accumulation of K in the shoots of tobacco plants and promoted the accumulation of K in the roots.The recommended Mg fertilizer input of the flue-cured tobacco production in Fujian is 40~55 kg/hm^(2)MgO.Increasing Mg fertilizer can effectively improve the nutrient absorption and accumulation of flue-cured tobacco.