减氮减药栽培对滩涂水稻产量和效益的影响

Effects of Nitrogen and Pesticide Reduction Cultivation on Yield and Benefit of Tidal Flat Rice

通过氮肥减量和精准用药减少喷施农药的次数,以提高滩涂耐盐水稻的氮肥利用效率和产量,保护滩涂生态环境,从而实现开发滩涂土地资源与构建良好生态环境的双重目的。减氮试验共设5种施肥处理:不施氮(N0)、常规氮肥处理(N100CP)、常规减氮15%(N85CP)、减氮15%配施有机肥(N85OP)和机插侧深施肥减氮15%(N85CS)这5种施肥模式,其中每个氮处理分设2个用药处理,即常规用药6次(C)和常规用药4次(J),研究不同减氮措施及相应的减药处理对水稻氮肥利用效率、产量和效益的影响。结果表明:在机插侧深施模式减氮15%(N85CS)的情况下,滩涂水稻的产量略低于常规施肥模式(N100CP)的,减氮15%配施有机肥模式(N85OP)的产量与常规减氮15%模式(N100CP)持平;与常规施肥用药模式(N100CPC)相比,机插侧深施减氮减药(N85CSJ)的情况下,净收益最高,成本利润率最大,表明通过机插侧深减氮配合减药是经济效益很好的种植模式,是提升滩涂水稻效益的有效途径。

In order to improve the nitrogen use efficiency and yield of salt-tolerant rice in tidal flats,protect the ecological environment of tidal flatsand achieve the dual purpose of developing tidal flat land resources and building a good ecological environment,the number of pesticides was reduced by nitrogen fertilizer reduction and precise application of pesticides.In this experiment,five nitrogen treatment levels were set up,namely,no nitrogen(N0),conventional nitrogen fertilizer treatment(N100CP),conventional nitrogen reduction 15%(N85CP),nitrogen reduction 15%combined with organic fertilizer as base fertilizer(N85OP)and machine transplanting side deep fertilization nitrogen reduction 15%fertilization mode(N85CS).Each nitrogen treatment was divided into two treatments,namely conventional medication 6 times(C)and conventional pesticide 4 times(J).The effects of different nitrogen reduction measures and corresponding reduction treatments on rice yield,nitrogen use efficiency and benefit were studied.The results showed that the yield of rice in tidal flat was slightly lower than that of conventional fertilization mode under the condition of 15%reduction of nitrogen in the side deep application mode of mechanical transplanting,and the yield of 15%reduction of nitrogen in the base application of organic fertilizer was the same as that of conventional fertilization mode.Compared with the conventional fertilization mode,the net income per mu was the highest,and the cost profit rate was the largest under the condition of deep nitrogen reduction and drug reduction on the side of machine transplanting,showing that deep nitrogen reduction on the side of machine transplanting combined with drug reduction was a planting mode with good economic benefits and an effective way to improve the benefit of beach rice.