749名医学生心理健康状况调查分析

Investigation and analysis of mental health status of 749 medical students

目的 调查现阶段某高校医学生心理健康状况的特点,为开展医学生的心理健康干预提供数据支撑和理论依据。方法 采取整群抽样方法抽取某高校医学生2020级、2021级749名医学生(男生261名,女生488名),运用症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行调查,比较采用t检验、卡方检验。结果 本次调查医学生SCL-90总分平均为(136.92±39.97)分,男生为(130.88±39.34)分,女生为(140±39.97)分,差异有统计学意义(t=3.054,P<0.05);女生躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执8个因子均分及SCL-90总分均高于男生(P<0.05)。与国内成人常模比较,虽然医学生的人际关系敏感、敌对2个因子均分较低(P<0.05),但是强迫症、抑郁症、焦虑、恐怖和精神病性5个因子均分、总分及平均分较高(P<0.05)。医学生心理健康问题检出率为26.84%,其中男生24.14%,女生28.28%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.668,P<0.01)。结论 某高校医学生的心理健康状况总体情况不容乐观,应针对性进行心理健康干预。

ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics of the mental health of medical students in a college of medicine of a university at this stage, so as to provide datum support and a theoretical basis for mental health intervention of medical students.MethodsA total of 749 medical students(261 males and 488 females) of Grade 20 and 21 medical students in a college were selected by the cluster sampling method, and the symptom self-rating scale(SCL-90) was used to investigate, and the t-test and chi-square test were used for comparison.ResultsThe average total score of SCL-90 among medical students was(136.92 ± 39.97), that of boys was(130.88±39.34) and that of girls was(140 ± 39.97), with a statistically significant difference between them(t = 3.054, P < 0.05). The average scores of 8 factors of somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, terror, and paranoia and the total score of SCL-90 of girls were higher than those of boys(P < 0.05). Compared with the domestic adult norm, although the average score of the two factors of interpersonal sensitivity and hostility of medical students was lower(P < 0.05), the average score, total score, and an average score of the five factors of obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, anxiety, fear, and psychosis were higher(P < 0.05). The detection rate of mental health problems among medical students was 26.84%, including 24.14% of boys and28.28% of girls, with a statistically significant difference between them(χ^(2)= 6.668, P < 0.01).ConclusionThe overall mental health status of medical students in a university is not optimistic. All departments should carry out targeted mental health interventions for these groups.