2015-2021年灌云县肺结核流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Guanyun County from 2015 to 2021

目的 分析近年来灌云县的肺结核流行病学特征,为肺结核防控提供科学依据。方法 收集2015—2021年灌云县的肺结核疫情数据,描述患者性别、年龄、职业和地区分布,肺结核发病时间、耐药性以及合并肺外结核等,并进行组间比较。结果 2015—2021年灌云县共报告肺结核1 871例,发病率呈下降趋势,从34.63/10万下降至20.45/10万,年均25.78/10万。每月均有肺结核报告病例,月发病占比率在5.83%~10.53%波动,以第二季度4月份占比率最高(10.53%);男性发病率(37.50/10万)高于女性(12.71/10万),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=431.22,P<0.001);患者年龄从11岁到92岁,发病年龄呈现出双高峰,分别为≥20~30岁青壮年和≥70~80岁老年人;农民患病率占比最高(73.06%),五图河农场肺结核发病率最高(118.03/10万)。本调查还发现2.89%耐利福平结核病和6.57%耐异烟肼结核病以及9.19%肺结核合并肺外结核病例。结论 2015—2021年灌云县的肺结核发生率呈下降趋势,但存在一定数量的耐利福平或异烟肼结核病和肺外结核病例,因此,应积极开展有针对性的高危人群预防和干预,减少耐药肺结核的发生。

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB) in Guanyun County in recent years, so as to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of PTB.MethodsData of the epidemic of PTB in Guanyun County from 2015 to 2021 were collected, then the gender, age, occupation, and regional distribution of the patients as well as the onset time of PTB, drug resistance, and complicated extrapulmonary tuberculosis(TB)were described and compared between the groups.ResultsA total of 1 871 cases of PTB were reported in Guanyun County from 2015 to 2021, and the incidence decreased from 34.63/105 to 20.45/105, with an annual incidence of 25.78/105. There were PTB cases reported every month, and the proportion in each month fluctuated from 5.83% to 10.53%, with the highest proportion(10.53%) in April of the second quarter. The incidence of TB was higher in males than that in females and there was a statistical difference between the 2 sex groups(37.50/105vs 12.71/105;χ^(2)= 431.22, P < 0.001). The patients with this disease aged from 11 to 92 years, and the age of onset showed double peaks: young adults aged ≥20-30 years and the elderly aged ≥70-80 years, respectively. The proportion of PTB(73.06%) was the highest among farmers, and the incidence of PTB(118.03/105) was the highest on the Wutu River farm. It was also found that there were 2.89% of rifampicin-resistant TB,6.57% of isoniazid-resistant TB, and 9.19% of PTB complicated with extrapulmonary TB.ConclusionsThe incidence of TB in Guanyun County shows a downward trend from 2015 to 2021, but there are a number of cases of rifampicin-or isoniazidresistant TB, and extrapulmonary TB. Therefore, targeted prevention and intervention should be carried out in high-risk populations to reduce the occurrence of drug-resistant PTB.