基于大型底栖动物的黄柏河河流健康评价

River Health Assessment Based on Macroinvertebrates in Huangbai River,A Tributary of Yangtze River,China

为了解黄柏河大型底栖动物群落结构和健康状况,在黄柏河设置13个点位,进行底栖动物和水体理化因子的调查,基于Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、科级生物指数(FBI)、生物完整性指数(B-IBI)和栖息地质量评价指数(QHEI)对黄柏河生态状况进行全面评价,并对比4种评价方法及其与环境因子间的关系。共采集到底栖动物31个分类单元,隶属于3门6纲14目27科,主要以水生昆虫和软体动物为主。黄柏河健康状况存在空间异质性,Shannon-Wiener、FBI、B-IBI和QHEI评价结果存在差异,但全流域表现基本一致,即西支健康状态最好,东支健康状态一般,干流健康状态最差。与环境因子间的关系表明,Shannon-Wiener和FBI能够指示溶解氧,B-IBI能够指示水温、溶解氧和电导率,QHEI得分能够指示水温、电导率、森林和人造地表占比。对比分析得到,Shannon-Wiener不适合应用于寡营养河段,FBI能够表达大型底栖动物群落的大部分信息并能够表征栖息地质量。相比FBI,B-IBI与其他评价方法联系更为紧密,并且B-IBI可以包含更多群落信息,更能全面反映黄柏河流域健康状况。

To understand the community structure of macroinvertebrates and health status in Huangbai River,we set up 13 sites to to investigate the physical and chemical factors of macroinvertebrates and the water body.Shannon-Wiener diversity index,FBI,B-IBI and QHEI were used to evaluate Huangbai River’s ecological health comprehensively,Also,the four evaluation methods and their relationship with environmental factors were compared.The results showed that 31 taxa of macroinvertebrates were collected,belonging to 3 phyla,6 classes,14 orders,and 27 families,mainly aquatic insects and mollusks.There is spatial heterogeneity in the health status of the Huangbai River.There are differences among the evaluation results of Shannon-Wiener,FBI,B-IBI,and QHEI.Still,the performance of the whole basin is the same.The health status of the west branch is the best,the east branch is general,and the mainstream is the worst.The relationship with environmental factors shows that the Shannon-Wiener and FBI can indicate dissolved oxygen,the B-IBI can indicate water temperature,dissolved oxygen,and conductivity.QHEI can indicate water temperature,conductivity,and the proportion of forest manufactured surface.The comparative analysis shows that Shannon-Wiener is not suitable for oligotrophic river sections.The FBI can express most of the information of macrobenthos communities and characterize the habitat quality.Compared with the FBI,B-IBI is more closely related to other evaluation methods.The B-IBI can contain more community information and more comprehensively reflect the health status of the Huangbai River.