农户创业与绿色生产技术采纳:来自江苏的证据

Farmers’ Entrepreneurship and Green Production Technology Adoption:Evidence from Jiangsu

基于2020年对江苏省26个区县2 628个农户的微观调查数据,使用泊松内生处理效应模型(ETPR)、内生转换模型(ESR)和中介效应模型等计量手段,对农户创业影响绿色生产技术采纳的效应及作用机制进行实证检验。结果表明:(1)农户创业能显著促进农户采纳绿色生产技术,在消除内生性和选择性偏误问题后仍旧支持这一结论;(2)农户创业可通过拓展社会资本、强化风险偏好、树立环保意识、提升融资能力的中间路径促进绿色生产技术的采纳行为;(3)进一步的创业类型异质性分析证明,农业创业促进绿色生产行为的作用要比非农创业更大。鉴于此,建议基层政府加大对“双创”政策的支持,根据农户基础禀赋实施精准创业指导,帮助长期从事绿色农业生产的农户成长为家庭农场、种粮大户等新型经营主体,并建议其向外辐射绿色生产技术。同时鼓励农业创业户依托当地农技推广服务站建立绿色生产技术推广与讨论网络,带领普通农户接触和融入绿色生产网络结构。

Based on the micro-survey data of 2 628 farmers in 26 districts and counties in Jiangsu Province in 2020,the effect and mechanism of the adoption of green production technology influenced by farmers’ entrepreneurship were empirically tested by measuring methods such as poisson regression with endogenous treatment effects,endogenous switching regression and intermediary effect model.The results show that:(1) Farmer entrepreneurship can significantly promote the adoption of green production technology by farmers,and this conclusion is still supported after eliminating endogenous and selective bias problems.(2) Farmers’ entrepreneurship can promote the adoption of green production technology by expanding social capital,strengthening risk appetite,establishing environmental protection awareness and enhancing financing capacity.(3) Further analysis of the heterogeneity of entrepreneurship types proves that agricultural entrepreneurship plays a greater role in promoting green production behavior than non-agricultural entrepreneurship.In view of this,it is suggested that the grass-roots government should increase its support for the "mass entrepreneurship and innovation" policy,implement precise entrepreneurial guidance according to the basic endowment of farmers,help farmers who have long been engaged in green agricultural production grow into new business entities such as family farms and large grain-planting farmers,and recommend them radiate green production technology outwards.At the same time,agricultural entrepreneurs are encouraged to rely on the local agricultural technology extension service stations to establish green production technology promotion and discussion network,and to lead ordinary farmers to contact and integrate into the green production network structure.