应用于能量收集的DC-DC电路研究综述

Review of DC-DC Circuits for Energy Harvesting

随着物联网技术(IoT)的发展,越来越多的IoT传感器被应用于环境检测、物流管理、生产制造和医疗保健等领域。IoT传感器的使用年限取决于内部电池的使用时间,而内部电池是不可拆卸的,因此一旦电池损坏或者电量耗尽,则需要更换新IoT传感器,这大大提高了成本。能量收集技术的发展为解决该难题提供了新方向,该技术将环境中的微弱能量收集起来,通过相关技术转换成电能,为IoT传感器供电,摆脱了其对电池的依赖。文章综述了能量收集系统的关键技术,比较了不同电路结构的优缺点,并且总结了最大功率追踪技术(MPPT),表明MPPT技术从一维MPPT技术发展到三维MPPT技术,现在已有更多的辅助技术来提高MPPT电路的跟踪精度。为了实现更广泛的应用,多输入多输出的转换器已然成为研究重点,文章综述了多能量源输入多输出电压的转换器结构,静态功耗和动态范围等性能指标成为关注的重点。

With the development of Internet of Things(IoT) technology, more and more IoT sensors are used in environmental monitoring, logistics management, manufacturing, medical care and other fields. The service time of these IoT sensors depends on the service time of the internal battery, which is not removable. Once the battery is damaged or the power is exhausted, it needs to be replaced with a new IoT sensor which greatly increases the cost. The development of energy harvesting technology provides a novel direction for solving the problem. Eliminating the need for batteries, the technology collects weak energy from the environment and converts it into electricity to power IoT sensors through related technologies. This paper summarized the key technologies of the energy harvesting system, compared the advantages and disadvantages of different circuit structures, and summarized the maximum power tracking technology(MPPT). It shows that MPPT technology has developed from one-dimensional MPPT technology to three-dimensional MPPT technology, and now more assistive techniques have been developed to improve the tracking accuracy of MPPT circuits. In order to achieve more extensive applications, multiple-input and multiple-output converters have become the focus of research. In this paper, the converter structure of multi-energy-source-input and multi-output-voltage was summarized, and the performance indexes such as static power consumption and dynamic range became the focus of attention.