西藏昌都市芒康县盐井葡萄生育期界定及气象条件分析

Definition of Grape Crowing Period and Analysis of Meteorological Conditions in Yanjing of Mangkang County of Qamdo City in Tibet

为更好地推进西藏自治区昌都市芒康县盐井乡葡萄产业长足发展,本研究采取平行观测、数理统计的方法开展盐井葡萄物候期人工观测和所在区域气象要素自动监测,根据所得数据分析葡萄生长的不同阶段对气候条件的适应性,并提出灾害防御对策。结果表明,盐井葡萄一般在3月上旬—下旬开始萌芽,5月上中旬进入开花期,6月下旬—7月上旬进入浆果膨大期,1个多月后葡萄开始转色,10月中旬进入成熟期,10月下旬开始落叶随即进入休眠期。从萌芽到成熟,盐井葡萄约需200天左右。盐井光照条件完全能满足葡萄的正常生长和发育的需要,在芽萌动期间逐日气温大都高于10℃,在开花期日平均气温为16.4~20.6℃,且80%以上的时间大于25℃。浆果膨大期日最高气温平均为21.9~28.0℃,期间风力大,20多天风速都达到10 m/s。从萌芽到坐果期,降水很少,从浆果膨大期开始雨水不断增多,但依旧不能满足葡萄生长发育,必须通过灌溉才能满足。

To better promote the rapid development of local grape industry in Yanjing of Mankang County of Qamdo City in Tibet,this study adopted parallel observation and mathematical statistics method to carry out the artificial observation on grape phenological phase and the automatic monitoring of meteorological elements,and then,according to the obtained data,analyzed the climate adaptability of grape at different growth periods and put forward disaster prevention countermeasures.The results showed that grapes in Yanjing generally began budding from early to late March,and entered the flowering period in early and middle May.The berry enlargement period came in late June to early July,after more than a month,grapes began to turn color and matured in mid-October.The leaves fell in late October and the grapevine went into the period of dormancy.Yanjing grapes needed about 200 days from budding to ripening.The light condition in Yanjing could fully meet the needs of normal growth and development of grapes,and the daily temperature in the budding period was mostly above 10℃.The average daily temperature in the flowering period was 16.4-20.6℃,and more than 80%of the period was above 25℃.The average daily maximum temperature was 21.9-28.0℃and the wind speed was strong during the berry enlargement period,and the wind speed could reach 10 m/s for more than 20 days.From budding to fruit bearing period,there was little precipitation,while the rain continued to increase from the berry enlargement period but still could not meet the growth and development demand of grapes,which must be supplemented by irrigation.