高等教育下艺术体操运动员赛前状态分析及其调整策略研究

Analysis of Pre-Competition State and Adjustment Strategies of Rhythmic Gymnasts in Higher Education

高等教育下艺术体操运动员赛前状态被认为是影响运动员在各种运动项目中竞技发挥的关键因素。艺术体操项目分为成人组、少年组和后备组,竞技比赛中运动员会产生极大的压力和焦虑,当前研究的目的是分析运动员赛前情绪状态和状态焦虑成分,练习和采用各种心理策略来对抗可能的负面情绪,以便有针对性地采取调整策略。参与者以三种不同的时间模式(包括比赛前五天、比赛前一天和比赛前一小时)完成情绪状态调查和分析。根据调查表的结果来评估愤怒、困惑、沮丧、疲劳、紧张、活力、认知焦虑、躯体焦虑和自信心9个变量对运动员在比赛中的影响,并分析其产生原因和所需要采取的调整策略。数据分析表明,较高的凝聚力产生的激励氛围可以培养运动员的乐观心态。

The pre-competition state of rhythmic gymnasts under higher education is considered to be the key factor that affects the athletic performance of the gymnasts in various sports.Rhythmic gymnastics is divided into adult group,youth group and reserve group.Athletes will have great pressure and anxiety in competitive competitions.The current research aims to analyze the athletes’pre competition emotional state and state anxiety components,practice and adopt various psychological strategies to fight against possible negative emotions,so as to take targeted adjustment strategies.Participants completed the emotional state investigation and analysis in three different time patterns(including five days before the competition,one day and one hour).According to the results of the questionnaire,the impact of the nine variables,anger,confusion,depression,fatigue,tension,vitality,cognitive anxiety,physical anxiety and self-confidence,on the athletes in the competition was evaluated,and the causes and adjustment strategies needed to be adopted were analyzed.Data analysis shows that the incentive atmosphere generated by higher cohesion can cultivate athletes’optimism.